Disaster Medical Informatics Lab, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University.
Department of Medical Informatics, Tohoku University School of Medicine.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2021 Nov;255(3):183-194. doi: 10.1620/tjem.255.183.
Disaster response procedures have been developed and improved following the Great East Japan Earthquake. Innovative services have also been created through digital transformation, including an acceleration and deepening of artificial intelligence technology. Things that were once technically impossible are now possible. These innovative technologies will spread across various fields, and disaster response will not be an exception. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare is promoting the use of personal health records in a way that effectively supports the management of treatments by using data from wearable devices and specific applications. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade-off between protecting personal information and enabling social benefits, such as in the use of digital tracking, and infodemics, including misinformation, have become new social challenges. Reviewing past disaster preparedness and the services and value provided by digital transformation indicates what new disaster preparedness should be. Digital transformation does not require literacy (ability to collect, analyze, and use information) but competence (beneficial behavioral traits derived from experience). Understanding behavior through data and enabling rational behavior are crucial. By increasing human productivity, we can save time and improve self- and mutual-help in times of disaster. Medical information and digital services must be properly used in normal times. A society that uses such services will be more disaster resilient.
日本在经历了东日本大地震后，不断完善和改进灾害应对程序。通过数字化转型，还创造了创新服务，包括加速和深化人工智能技术。曾经技术上不可能的事情现在成为了可能。这些创新技术将在各个领域得到普及，灾害应对也不例外。厚生劳动省正在通过利用可穿戴设备和特定应用程序的数据，以有效支持治疗管理的方式，推广使用个人健康记录。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，在保护个人信息和启用数字追踪等社会福利之间进行权衡，以及包括错误信息在内的信息疫情，已成为新的社会挑战。回顾过去的灾害准备工作以及数字化转型所提供的服务和价值，表明了新的灾害准备工作应该是什么。数字化转型不需要文化素养（收集、分析和使用信息的能力），而是需要能力（从经验中获得的有益行为特征）。通过数据了解行为并实现理性行为至关重要。提高人类生产力，可以节省时间，并在灾害发生时提高自救和互助能力。在平时必须正确使用医疗信息和数字服务。一个使用此类服务的社会将更具灾害抵御能力。
