Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Apr;29(18):26498-26512. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-17418-1. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
Drinking water is considered to be an important exposure pathway for humans to ingest trace elements; human urine samples are widely accepted as biometric substrates that can reflect human exposure to trace elements. The current study aimed at investigating the concentrations of trace elements including selenium (Se), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in drinking water and human urine in plateau region of China, determining the association among trace elements in drinking water and urine, and analyzing their associations with age and gender. The results showed that the majority of trace element concentrations were in the range of the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) guideline values, in both urine samples of male and female, and the median values were descending in the order: Zn > Cu > As > Se > Cr > Ni > Mn > Pb > Cd > Co. Selenium contributed to the excretion of As, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Zn in human body, group of 31-40 years appeared to present the greatest excretion ability in most of the trace elements. Weak positive correlations were observed between age and Mn in female urine samples, and negative correlations were observed between age and Se, As, Co, and Cu in male urine samples and between age and Co in female urine samples, respectively. Significant positive correlation was observed in As between drinking water and the whole human urine. In the same family, female seemed to show higher proportions of urinary As levels than male. This study will provide elementary information regarding trace element levels in drinking water and human urine in residents in plateau region of China and is helpful to provide reference for dietary nutrient trace element intake and effective control for local resident.
饮用水被认为是人类摄入微量元素的重要暴露途径；人类尿液被广泛认为是反映人体暴露于微量元素的生物标志物。本研究旨在调查中国高原地区饮用水和人尿中包括硒（Se）、砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）在内的微量元素浓度，确定饮用水和尿液中微量元素之间的相关性，并分析其与年龄和性别之间的关系。结果表明，大多数微量元素浓度都在世界卫生组织（WHO 2011）指导值范围内，无论是男性还是女性的尿样，中位数值的降序依次为：Zn>Cu>As>Se>Cr>Ni>Mn>Pb>Cd>Co。硒有助于人体排泄 As、Cr、Cu、Cd 和 Zn，31-40 岁组在大多数微量元素中表现出最大的排泄能力。在女性尿样中，年龄与 Mn 之间呈弱正相关，而在男性尿样中，年龄与 Se、As、Co 和 Cu 之间，以及在女性尿样中，年龄与 Co 之间呈负相关。在饮用水和全人尿中，As 之间呈显著正相关。在同一个家庭中，女性尿液中 As 水平的比例似乎高于男性。本研究将为中国高原地区居民饮用水和人尿中微量元素水平提供基础信息，有助于为当地居民提供膳食营养微量元素摄入和有效控制的参考。
