Montez de Sousa Íris R, Wang Zhixu, Hu Rui, Stahl Bernd, Jin Yi, Eussen Simone R B M, Li Jing
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2022;78(1):33-45. doi: 10.1159/000520515. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between the dietary intake and the human milk (HM) fatty acid (FA) profile of Chinese lactating women.
HM samples and food records were obtained from 122 Chinese women over 5 visits between 0 and 51 days postpartum. Adjusted multiple regression was performed to explore associations between maternal dietary intakes of energy, macronutrients, FAs and foods, and the HM FA profile. Analyses were performed separately for colostrum and mature milk.
Dietary intakes of total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid were positively associated with the HM contents of PUFAs, omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs, and linoleic acid (LA), and the intakes of n-3 PUFAs and α-linolenic acid (ALA) were negatively associated with saturated FA levels in HM. Associations were stronger for mature milk. Intakes of milk/dairy, meat/poultry, and eggs were negatively associated with n-6 PUFAs, LA, and EPA in mature milk, whereas the opposite was seen for fish/shrimp. Positive associations were also found between fish/shrimp and total and n-3 PUFAs in mature milk.
The HM FA profile of Chinese women is associated with their diet, and in particular with their FA intake. Tailored nutritional advice based on HM FA composition may optimize HM FA profile and thereby contribute to healthy infant development.
本研究旨在探讨中国哺乳期女性的饮食摄入量与母乳脂肪酸（FA）谱之间的关系。
收集了122名中国女性产后0至51天内5次访视时的母乳样本和饮食记录。采用调整后的多元回归分析来探讨母亲饮食中能量、宏量营养素、脂肪酸和食物的摄入量与母乳脂肪酸谱之间的关联。分别对初乳和成熟乳进行分析。
总多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸的饮食摄入量与母乳中PUFA、ω-6（n-6）PUFA和亚油酸（LA）的含量呈正相关，n-3 PUFA和α-亚麻酸（ALA）的摄入量与母乳中饱和脂肪酸水平呈负相关。成熟乳中的相关性更强。牛奶/乳制品、肉类/家禽和蛋类的摄入量与成熟乳中的n-6 PUFA、LA和EPA呈负相关，而鱼类/虾类则相反。鱼类/虾类与成熟乳中的总PUFA和n-3 PUFA也呈正相关。
中国女性的母乳脂肪酸谱与其饮食有关，尤其是与她们的脂肪酸摄入量有关。根据母乳脂肪酸组成提供个性化的营养建议可能会优化母乳脂肪酸谱，从而有助于婴儿健康发育。
