Liu G, Ding Z, Li X, Chen X, Wu Y, Xie L
Experimental Center of Prevention, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016 Aug;29(4):405-10. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12337. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
The present study evaluated the relationship between dietary fatty acid (FA) intakes and human milk FA levels.
Healthy lactating women (n = 514) from Northern China participated in the study. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire and evaluated using golden key maternal nutrition software (Wincome, Shanghai, China) and China Food Composition 2009. Human milk FA composition was determined by gas chromatography.
The maternal daily median intakes of linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were 19.93 g, 3.08 g and 16.33 mg, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes were below the recommended levels. FA levels in 100 g of human milk were 0.363 g LA, 0.038 g γ-linolenic acid (GLA), 0.052 g dihomo γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), 0.144 g ALA, 0.079 g AA, 0.007 g EPA, 0.018 g docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) and 0.048 g DHA. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that human milk DGLA levels were negatively correlated with dietary LA intake (β = -0.223, P = 0.030), and human milk GLA and DTA levels were negatively correlated with dietary ALA intake (β = -2.189, P = 0.031; β = -2.252, P = 0.027) after adjusting for possible confounding factors.
The results of the present study suggest the presence of competitive interactions between n-3 fatty acids (ALA) and n-6 fatty acids (GLA and DTA).
本研究评估了膳食脂肪酸（FA）摄入量与母乳脂肪酸水平之间的关系。
来自中国北方的514名健康哺乳期妇女参与了本研究。通过24小时膳食回顾问卷评估膳食摄入量，并使用金钥匙孕产妇营养软件（上海赢康，中国）和《中国食物成分表2009》进行评估。通过气相色谱法测定母乳脂肪酸组成。
母亲每日亚油酸（LA）、α-亚麻酸（ALA）和花生四烯酸（AA）的摄入量中位数分别为19.93克、3.08克和16.33毫克。二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的摄入量低于推荐水平。每100克母乳中的脂肪酸水平为：0.363克LA、0.038克γ-亚麻酸（GLA）、0.052克二高γ-亚麻酸（DGLA）、0.144克ALA、0.079克AA、0.007克EPA、0.018克二十二碳四烯酸（DTA）和0.048克DHA。多元线性回归分析显示，在调整可能的混杂因素后，母乳DGLA水平与膳食LA摄入量呈负相关（β = -0.223，P = 0.030），母乳GLA和DTA水平与膳食ALA摄入量呈负相关（β = -2.189，P = 0.031；β = -2.252，P = 0.027）。
本研究结果表明n-3脂肪酸（ALA）与n-6脂肪酸（GLA和DTA）之间存在竞争性相互作用。
