Scopesi F, Ciangherotti S, Lantieri P B, Risso D, Bertini I, Campone F, Pedrotti A, Bonacci W, Serra G
Dept. of Neonatal Care, Genoa University, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy.
Clin Nutr. 2001 Oct;20(5):393-7. doi: 10.1054/clnu.2001.0464.
Maternal dietary fatty acids (FFAs) intake and corresponding human milk composition relationships have been assessed throughout the first month of lactation in 34 lactating women consecutively enrolled. All mothers were on their habitual diet. Food records (95 items) were administered to the mothers, six-times during the first month of lactation (1 day after delivery, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after colostrum appearance) and referred to maternal dietary intake of the day before. Milk collected on day 1 was considered as colostrum, day 4 and 7 samples as transitional milk, and day 14, 21 and 28 samples as mature milk. Five gas chromatographic analyses were performed on each sample. Statistics were made using Friedman's and Pearson's test. Maternal dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were significantly related to the corresponding milk pattern in the phase of transitional milk (P<0.01), while total polyunsaturated (PUFAs) content was significantly related only to the mature milk (P<0.01); in this phase about 42% of the variations occurring in PUFAs milk content can be related to variation of maternal PUFAs dietary intake. The results in the present study provide evidence of the relationships between maternal diet and milk composition. The degree of correlation between maternal diet and PUFAs milk content increases throughout milk maturational process and reaches significance only in mature milk. This would imply that advancing lactation, milk PUFAs provision sources gradually shift from adipose tissue catabolism to maternal diet.
在连续招募的34名哺乳期妇女中，对整个哺乳期第一个月的母体膳食脂肪酸（FFA）摄入量与相应母乳成分之间的关系进行了评估。所有母亲均保持其习惯饮食。在哺乳期的第一个月（产后1天、初乳出现后的第4、7、14、21和28天），对母亲进行了6次食物记录（共95项），并参考前一天的母体膳食摄入量。将第1天采集的乳汁视为初乳，第4天和第7天的样本视为过渡乳，第14、21和28天的样本视为成熟乳。对每个样本进行了五次气相色谱分析。使用弗里德曼检验和皮尔逊检验进行统计分析。母体膳食饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）与过渡乳阶段相应的乳汁模式显著相关（P<0.01），而总多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量仅与成熟乳显著相关（P<0.01）；在这个阶段，PUFA乳汁含量中约42%的变化可能与母体PUFA膳食摄入量的变化有关。本研究结果提供了母体饮食与乳汁成分之间关系的证据。母体饮食与PUFA乳汁含量之间的相关程度在整个乳汁成熟过程中增加，并且仅在成熟乳中达到显著水平。这意味着随着哺乳期的推进，乳汁PUFA的供应来源逐渐从脂肪组织分解代谢转向母体饮食。
