School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran; Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada; Research Center of New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14179-63891, Iran.
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 11155-4563, Iran; Research Center of New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14179-63891, Iran.
Talanta. 2022 Feb 1;238(Pt 1):122947. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122947. Epub 2021 Oct 14.
An ultrasensitive novel electrochemical nano-biosensor for rapid detection of insulin antibodies against diabetes antigens was developed in this research. The presence of insulin antibodies has been demonstrated to be a strong predictor for the development of type 1 diabetes in individuals who do not have diabetes but are genetically predisposed. The proposed nano-biosensor fabrication process was based on the optimized sequential electropolymerization of polyaniline and electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the functionalized gold electrode. The morphological and chemical characterization of the modified electrode was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and micro Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the role of each component in the modification of the electrode was studied by electrochemical methods systematically. After immobilizing insulin antigen and blocking with bovine serum albumin, the nano-biosensor was used for determining different concentrations of insulin antibody under the optimal conditions. This nano-biosensor could respond to insulin antibody with a linear calibration range from 0.001 ng ml to 1000 ng ml with the detection limit of 0.017 pg ml and 0.034 pg ml and selectivity of 18.544 μA ng ml.cm and 31.808 μA ng ml.cm via differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry, respectively. This novel nano-biosensor exhibited a short response time, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility. It was successfully used in determining the insulin antibody in human samples with a standard error of less than 0.178. Therefore, the nano-biosensor has the potential for the application of early detection of type 1 diabetes. To our best knowledge, label-free electrochemical detection of insulin antibody based on immunosensor is developed for the first time.
本研究开发了一种用于快速检测针对糖尿病抗原的胰岛素抗体的超灵敏新型电化学纳米生物传感器。已经证明，在没有糖尿病但遗传易感性的个体中，存在胰岛素抗体是 1 型糖尿病发展的强预测指标。所提出的纳米生物传感器制造过程基于在功能化金电极表面上优化顺序的聚苯胺电聚合和金纳米粒子的电沉积。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FE-SEM)、能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDX)、原子力显微镜 (AFM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和微拉曼光谱研究了修饰电极的形态和化学特性。此外，通过电化学方法系统地研究了每个组件在修饰电极中的作用。在固定胰岛素抗原并用牛血清白蛋白封闭后，在最佳条件下，该纳米生物传感器用于测定不同浓度的胰岛素抗体。该纳米生物传感器可以通过差分脉冲伏安法和方波伏安法分别以 0.001 ng ml 至 1000 ng ml 的线性校准范围、检测限为 0.017 pg ml 和 0.034 pg ml 以及 18.544 μA ng ml.cm 和 31.808 μA ng ml.cm 的选择性对胰岛素抗体做出响应。通过差分脉冲伏安法和方波伏安法分别以 0.001 ng ml 至 1000 ng ml 的线性校准范围、检测限为 0.017 pg ml 和 0.034 pg ml 以及 18.544 μA ng ml.cm 和 31.808 μA ng ml.cm 的选择性对胰岛素抗体做出响应。该新型纳米生物传感器具有响应时间短、灵敏度高和重现性好的特点。它已成功用于测定人样中的胰岛素抗体，标准误差小于 0.178。因此，该纳米生物传感器具有用于早期检测 1 型糖尿病的潜力。据我们所知，这是首次基于免疫传感器的无标记电化学检测胰岛素抗体。
