National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research, National Center for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Safety, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
Autonomous University of the State o Morelos, Phytochemistry and Natural Products Laboratory of the Centre for Research in Biodiversity and Conservation (CIByC-UAEM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
J Med Food. 2022 Mar;25(3):329-337. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0066. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The objective of this study was to assay the ovicidal and larvicidal effects of two hydroalcoholic extracts (HA-E) and their aqueous fractions (Aq-F) and organic fractions (EtOAc-F) from (leaves) and (flowers) against the parasitic nematode . The egg hatching inhibition test (% EHI) and mortality of infective larvae (% mortality) were used as biological models. The treatments of each plant (mg/mL, % EHI, and % mortality) were assigned as follows: HA-E (12.5-50, EHI; 25-200, mortality), Aq-F (6.25-25.00, EHI; 12.5-50, mortality), EtOAc-F (0.37-25, EHI; 3.12-50, mortality), negative controls (distilled water and methanol at 2% and 4%), and positive control (ivermectin at 5 mg/mL). Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design through an analysis of variance, considering the EHI and mortality percentages as the response variables. To identify the secondary metabolites, both plants were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis and HPLC. The results showed that both plants exhibited highly ovicidal and larvicidal effects. The bipartition in each HA extract allowed the increase of the anthelmintic effect in EtOAc-F, achieving a total ovicidal activity at 1.56 mg/mL and a larvicidal effect higher than 90% at 25 mg/mL. The qualitative chemical profile of both vegetal species identified alkaloids, flavonoids, condensed tannins, terpenes, and saponins. These results suggest that either leaves or flowers could be potential candidates for the control of parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. However, studies with experimental animals to evaluate their possible toxicity and anthelmintic effect are necessary.
本研究旨在检测两种水醇提取物（HA-E）及其水相（Aq-F）和有机相（EtOAc-F）对寄生性线虫 的杀卵和杀幼虫作用。卵孵化抑制试验（% EHI）和感染性幼虫死亡率（%死亡率）被用作生物模型。每株植物的处理（mg/mL、% EHI 和%死亡率）如下：HA-E（12.5-50、EHI；25-200、死亡率）、Aq-F（6.25-25.00、EHI；12.5-50、死亡率）、EtOAc-F（0.37-25、EHI；3.12-50、死亡率）、阴性对照（蒸馏水和甲醇 2%和 4%）和阳性对照（伊维菌素 5mg/mL）。数据采用完全随机设计进行方差分析，将 EHI 和死亡率百分比作为响应变量。为了鉴定次生代谢物，对两种植物进行了定性化学分析和 HPLC 分析。结果表明，两种植物均表现出高度的杀卵和杀幼虫作用。每个 HA 提取物的二分法使 EtOAc-F 的驱虫作用增强，在 1.56mg/mL 时达到完全杀卵活性，在 25mg/mL 时杀幼虫效果高于 90%。两种植物的定性化学特征均鉴定出生物碱、类黄酮、缩合单宁、萜类和皂苷。这些结果表明， 叶片或 花朵可能是控制小反刍动物寄生性胃肠道线虫的潜在候选物。然而，有必要用实验动物进行研究以评估其可能的毒性和驱虫作用。
