Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Feb 20;808:152052. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152052. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
The industrial sector is one of the most important sectors of the global economy, having a huge impact on the development of individual countries and regions. This sector covers a wide and diverse range of activities, which makes it of key importance for the economy of the European Union (EU) countries. As a result, the processes related to energy transformation and climate policy are increasingly connected with the sector in question. The need to improve the competitiveness of the economy and the implementation of climate and energy strategies means that this sector, like the entire EU economy, must rapidly enhance its energy efficiency and the structure of energy consumption. The following paper addresses this problem by presenting the results of a comprehensive study of the structure and volume of energy consumed by this sector in the period between 1995 and 2019. Based on this study, quantitative changes and the structure of energy consumed in this sector in the studied period were determined for the entire EU and its individual countries. The use of the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curves allowed for the determination of the inequality of energy consumption in the industrial sector. The coefficients of variation and the dynamics of changes in energy consumption, both in total and from individual sources, for the EU countries were also determined. The aim of this part of the study was to indicate directions and the intensity of changes related to the structure and consumption of energy in this sector. In the next stage, groups of similar countries were created and compared in terms of the structure of energy consumed by the industrial sector in 1995 and 2019 (using the Kohonen's neural network). Relationships between the amount of energy consumed by the industrial sector in the entire EU and the basic economic and climate parameters of the economy were also delineated. The energy intensity of this sector and the dynamics of its changes in individual EU countries over the analyzed period were also specified. The results proved a great diversity of the EU countries and the improving energy efficiency and structure of energy consumed by the industrial sector. The research, together with its results, significantly broaden the knowledge of changes in the volume and structure of energy consumption in the industrial sector for the EU countries. The results make it possible to assess the actions of individual countries and the current state of implementation of EU climate and energy policy. They should also be used to develop future assumptions of this policy.
工业部门是全球经济最重要的部门之一，对各个国家和地区的发展都有着巨大的影响。该部门涵盖了广泛而多样化的活动，这使其对欧盟（EU）国家的经济具有关键重要性。因此，与能源转型和气候政策相关的过程越来越与该部门相关联。为了提高经济竞争力并实施气候和能源战略，这一部门与整个欧盟经济一样，必须迅速提高能源效率和能源消费结构。本文通过介绍对 1995 年至 2019 年期间该部门能源消耗结构和总量的综合研究结果，解决了这一问题。基于这项研究，确定了在所研究期间整个欧盟及其个别国家该部门能源消耗的定量变化和结构。基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线的使用允许确定工业部门能源消耗的不平等性。还确定了欧盟国家的能源消耗变化的变异系数和动态，包括总量和个别来源。本研究的这一部分旨在指出与该部门的结构和能源消耗相关的变化方向和强度。在下一阶段，创建了类似的国家组，并根据工业部门在 1995 年和 2019 年消耗的能源结构进行了比较（使用科恩神经网络）。还描绘了整个欧盟工业部门消耗的能源与经济基本经济和气候参数之间的关系。还指定了该部门在分析期间的能源强度及其变化动态。研究结果证明了欧盟国家的多样性以及工业部门能源效率和结构的提高。这项研究及其结果大大拓宽了对欧盟国家工业部门能源消耗的数量和结构变化的认识。研究结果使人们能够评估个别国家的行动以及欧盟气候和能源政策的实施现状。它们还应该用于制定未来的政策假设。
