Fanelli Angela, Tizzani Paolo, Buonavoglia Domenico
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
Res Vet Sci. 2021 Nov 30;142:54-69. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.11.015.
This systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the available information on Hepatitis E virus (HEV) -specific antibody seroprevalence and HEV RNA prevalence in wild boar, one of the most abundant game species worldwide. A literature search (CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus) was performed to find relevant peer-reviewed works published during the period 1990-2020. A random-effect model was carried out to calculate the pooled HEV-specific antibody seroprevalence and HEV RNA prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals, and I statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity of the data. Values by subgroups were compared according to the geographical area, age class (≤ 12 months old and > 12 months old), and sample type (bile, faeces, liver, meat/muscle, serum). Sixty-nine publications were selected, with the majority of the studies from Southern Europe (n = 27). The pooled HEV-specific antibody seroprevalence in wild boar was 28% (CI 23-34) and the HEV RNA prevalence 8% (CI 6-10). The analysis highlighted a significant heterogeneity among the estimates from the included studies (I = 98% and I = 95% for HEV-specific antibody seroprevalence and viral prevalence respectively). The moderator analysis indicated a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.03) for the HEV RNA prevalence according to the sample type, with the highest value in bile (17%, CI 9-27), followed by liver (10%, CI 7-14), serum (7%, CI 4-10), faeces (5%, CI 2-9), and meat/muscle (3%, CI 0.04-10). Finally, the HEV RNA prevalence in Europe (8.7, CI 6.7-11) was significantly (p-value = 0.04) higher than in Asia (4, CI 0.6-8). The analysis highlights the important role of wild boar in the epidemiology of HEV.
本系统综述和荟萃分析总结了关于野猪（全球数量最多的猎物物种之一）中戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）特异性抗体血清阳性率和HEV RNA流行率的现有信息。进行了文献检索（CAB文摘数据库、科学网、Embase和Scopus），以查找1990年至2020年期间发表的相关同行评审著作。采用随机效应模型计算合并的HEV特异性抗体血清阳性率和HEV RNA流行率估计值及其95%置信区间，并使用I统计量评估数据的异质性。根据地理区域、年龄组（≤12个月和>12个月）和样本类型（胆汁、粪便、肝脏、肉/肌肉、血清）对亚组的值进行比较。共筛选出69篇出版物，其中大多数研究来自南欧（n = 27）。野猪中HEV特异性抗体血清阳性率合并值为28%（置信区间23 - 34），HEV RNA流行率为8%（置信区间6 - 10）。分析突出显示纳入研究的估计值之间存在显著异质性（HEV特异性抗体血清阳性率和病毒流行率的I值分别为98%和95%）。调节因素分析表明，根据样本类型，HEV RNA流行率存在统计学显著差异（p值 = 0.03），胆汁中的流行率最高（17%，置信区间9 - 27），其次是肝脏（10%，置信区间7 - 14）、血清（7%，置信区间4 - 10）、粪便（5%，置信区间2 - 9）和肉/肌肉（3%，置信区间0.04 - 10）。最后，欧洲的HEV RNA流行率（8.7，置信区间6.7 - 11）显著高于亚洲（4，置信区间0.6 - 8）（p值 = 0.04）。该分析突出了野猪在HEV流行病学中的重要作用。
