Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA.
J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(2):713-722. doi: 10.3233/JPD-212802.
Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in Parkinson's disease (PD). Cognitive testing can be time consuming in the clinical setting. One rapid test to detect cognitive impairment in non-PD populations is the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), which calls upon the brain's executive and visuospatial abilities to draw a clock designating a certain time.
Test the hypothesis that PD participants would perform worse on CDT compared to controls and that CDT would correlate with other measures of cognition.
This study evaluated two independent CDT scoring systems and differences in CDT performance between PD (N = 97) and control (N = 54) participants using a two-sample t-test. Pearson's correlations were conducted between the CDT and tests of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Test); executive function (Trails B-A); and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine cut points on the CDT that identify individuals who need additional cognitive testing.
PD participants had worse performance on CDT compared to controls. The CDT was correlated with executive function (Trails B-A) and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The CDT correlated with vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) only in healthy controls. However, the CDT was not correlated with measures of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) in either group. A cut point of 9 on the Rouleau scale and 18 on the Mendez scale identified PD participants with cognitive impairment.
The CDT is a rapid clinical cognitive assessment that is feasible in PD and correlates with other measures of cognition.
认知障碍在帕金森病（PD）中很常见且具有致残性。在临床环境中，认知测试可能很耗时。一种用于检测非 PD 人群认知障碍的快速测试是时钟绘制测试（CDT），它需要大脑的执行和空间视觉能力来绘制指定时间的时钟设计。
检验假设，即 PD 参与者在 CDT 上的表现会比对照组差，并且 CDT 与其他认知测量方法相关。
本研究评估了两种独立的 CDT 评分系统，并使用两样本 t 检验比较了 PD（N=97）和对照组（N=54）参与者之间 CDT 表现的差异。进行了 CDT 与嗜睡测试（Epworth 嗜睡量表）和警觉性测试（精神运动警觉性测试）、执行功能测试（Trails B-A）和整体认知测试（蒙特利尔认知评估）之间的 Pearson 相关性分析。使用接收者操作特征曲线确定 CDT 的切点，以识别需要进一步认知测试的个体。
PD 参与者在 CDT 上的表现比对照组差。CDT 与执行功能（Trails B-A）和整体认知（蒙特利尔认知评估）相关。CDT 仅与健康对照组的警觉性（精神运动警觉任务）相关。然而，在两组中，CDT 均与嗜睡测量（Epworth 嗜睡量表）无关。Rouleau 量表上的 9 分和 Mendez 量表上的 18 分切点可识别出具有认知障碍的 PD 参与者。
CDT 是一种快速的临床认知评估方法，在 PD 中可行，并与其他认知测量方法相关。
