Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2021 Dec 4;72(22):7645-7647. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab493.
The fertilized egg is the single totipotent cell from which multicellular organisms arise through the processes of cell division and differentiation. While animals typically lose their capacity to redifferentiate cells that are already fully differentiated, plant cells are thought to remain totipotent (Su et al., 2020). Every gardener knows well that plants can regenerate a full array of plant tissues from already differentiated organs. This also seems to be true for single plant cells such as protoplasts, which, under proper in vitro culture conditions, served as the initial source for generation of transgenic plants (Skoog and Miller, 1957; Birnbaum and Sánchez Alvarado, 2008). However, the mechanisms behind the totipotency of plant cells remain elusive, with the exception of the knowledge that the developmental fate of regenerating tissues can be directed by the ratio of two plant hormones, auxin and cytokinin (Skoog and Miller, 1957).
受精卵是单细胞全能性细胞，多细胞生物通过细胞分裂和分化过程从受精卵中产生。虽然动物通常会失去已经完全分化的细胞再分化的能力，但植物细胞被认为仍然具有全能性（Su 等人，2020 年）。每个园丁都很清楚，植物可以从已经分化的器官中再生出全套植物组织。对于原生质体等单个植物细胞来说，这似乎也是如此，在适当的离体培养条件下，原生质体可以作为生成转基因植物的初始来源（Skoog 和 Miller，1957 年；Birnbaum 和 Sánchez Alvarado，2008 年）。然而，除了知道再生组织的发育命运可以由两种植物激素，生长素和细胞分裂素的比例来指导之外（Skoog 和 Miller，1957 年），植物细胞全能性的机制仍然难以捉摸。
