Caywood D D, Osborne C A
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1986 Mar;16(2):389-407. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(86)50038-3.
Surgery is indicated for patients with obstructive uropathy; calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, silica, and perhaps cystine uroliths; uroliths refractory to medical dissolution; nephrolithiasis and progressive renal dysfunction; anatomic defects predisposing to urinary tract infection; and problems precluding medical management. The goals of surgical management include removal of all uroliths while preserving organ function, eliminating partial or complete obstruction to urine outflow, and correction of anatomic abnormalities that predispose the patient to infection and or urolithiasis.
对于患有梗阻性尿路病、草酸钙、磷酸钙、二氧化硅以及可能的胱氨酸尿石症、药物溶解无效的尿石症、肾结石和进行性肾功能不全、易导致尿路感染的解剖学缺陷以及妨碍药物治疗的问题的患者，建议进行手术治疗。手术治疗的目标包括在保留器官功能的同时清除所有尿石，消除尿液流出的部分或完全梗阻，并纠正使患者易患感染和/或尿石症的解剖学异常。
