Fiber-optic Bronchoscope-guided vs Mini-surgical Technique of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Intensive Care Units.

BACKGROUND

Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PCDT) using fiber-optic bronchoscope (FOB) is a widely practiced technique, but its availability and cost remain a concern in nations with limited resources. Mini-surgical technique of PCDT incorporating minimal blunt dissection has shown improved results even without the use of FOB. The study is primarily intended to compare these two techniques and establish a safer cost-effective alternative to FOB-guided PCDTs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This randomized comparative study [registered (CTRI/2018/04/013191)] was conducted on 120 mechanically ventilated patients. In 60 patients, mini-surgical PCDT (group-M) was performed with 2 cm longitudinal skin incision and blunt dissection till pretracheal fascia without FOB guidance using Portex-Ultraperc sets. In remaining 60 patients, PCDT was performed under FOB vision with similar skin incision (without blunt dissection) using Portex-Ultraperc sets (group-F). Two techniques were compared with regard to procedural time and percentage of complications occurred during or after the procedure.

RESULTS

Procedure time [group-M: 6.30 ± 1.28 minutes; group-F: 14.43 ± 1.84 minutes ( <0.001)] and mean blood loss [group-M: 5.33 ± 1.69 mL; group-F: 6.87 ± 3.11 mL ( = 0.001)] was significantly less in group-M. Higher incidence of desaturation [group-M: 16.7%; group-F: 35% ( = 0.022)] was noted in group-F, whereas arrhythmias [group-M: 21.7%; group-F: 6.7% ( = 0.018)] were higher in group-M. There was no statistical difference in incidence of pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. There was no incidence of posterior tracheal wall perforation in any of the patients.

CONCLUSION

Mini-surgical technique is a faster alternative of FOB-guided PCDT with comparable incidence of complications. It can safely be used in intensive care units (ICUs) where FOB is not available.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

CTRI/2018/05/014307.

NAME OF REGISTRY

Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI), URL-http://ctri.nic.in.

HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE

Kumar A, Kohli A, Kachru N, Bhadoria P, Wadhawan S, Kumar D. Fiber-optic Bronchoscope-guided vs Mini-surgical Technique of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Intensive Care Units. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(11):1269-1274.