Ficek Krzysztof, Gwiazdoń Paweł, Skowronek Radosław, Kędra Natalia, Kluczniok Kamila, Strózik Magdalena, Hajduk Grzegorz
Department of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Science, Innovation and Development, Galen-Orthopaedics, 43-150 Bieruń, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Oct 31;80:125-138. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2020-0032. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Soccer is the most common team sport in the world. A significant number of players are associated with a large number of injuries. Injuries occur in a variety of contexts regardless of the age or performance level of players. The vast majority of injuries involve soft tissues. Bone injuries are less common, but usually result in long-term exclusion from the game. Three different types of fractures related to soccer are classified as acute types, stress fractures and avulsion. This manuscript outlines the diagnostic procedures and treatments for stress fractures, avulsion fractures and bone cyst. The common feature of the described injuries includes frequent difficulties associated with the correct diagnosis and treatment direction. In therapeutic treatment, the doctor and the patient often have to choose between conservative treatment and surgical treatment, which in many cases is not simple. We suggest that in the event of injuries to soccer players, surgical treatment should be used, shortening the time to return to full sports activity. A very important element of the therapeutic process is proper rehabilitation, which should be individually tailored to the patient in order to optimize the treatment process. Some of the rehabilitation protocols should be permanently incorporated into the warm-up protocols for training. Such a procedure has a preventive effect.
足球是世界上最常见的团队运动。大量球员与大量伤病相关。无论球员的年龄或表现水平如何，伤病都在各种情况下发生。绝大多数伤病涉及软组织。骨损伤不太常见，但通常会导致长期无法参赛。与足球相关的三种不同类型骨折被归类为急性骨折、应力性骨折和撕脱性骨折。本文概述了应力性骨折、撕脱性骨折和骨囊肿的诊断程序及治疗方法。所描述伤病的共同特征包括在正确诊断和治疗方向上经常存在困难。在治疗过程中，医生和患者常常必须在保守治疗和手术治疗之间做出选择，而这在许多情况下并非易事。我们建议，在足球运动员受伤的情况下，应采用手术治疗，以缩短完全恢复体育活动的时间。治疗过程中一个非常重要的因素是适当的康复，康复应根据患者个体情况量身定制，以优化治疗过程。一些康复方案应永久纳入训练的热身方案中。这样的程序具有预防作用。
