Terzi Elissavet, Skari Ariadni, Nikolaidis Stefanos, Papadimitriou Konstantinos, Kabasakalis Athanasios, Mougios Vassilis
Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Oct 31;80:153-161. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0091. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Sprint interval training (SIT) sets are commonly used by coaches in the training routine of swimmers competing in short-distance events; however, data regarding their relevance to competitive events are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine whether performance variables differed or correlated between a 4 × 50-m maximal swimming set (with a work-to-rest ratio of 1:4) and the 100-m freestyle event. Eleven male and 16 female competitive swimmers aged 16.1 ± 1.1 years participated in the study. All swimmers trained at least six times a week and had training experience of more than 4 years. They completed the two freestyle tests on different days, in random and counterbalanced order. In each test, speed, blood lactate, stroke rate (SR), and stroke index (SI) were measured. Speed, blood lactate, and SR were higher at the 4 × 50 m compared to the 100 m and were positively correlated between tests (p < 0.001). The SI did not differ significantly, but was positively correlated between tests. Males were faster and had a higher SI than females, but genders did not differ in lactate. Since performance variables were better in the SIT set and correlated with those in the 100-m bout, we suggest that the 4 × 50-m set can be used to improve performance in the 100-m freestyle event. Moreover, this set can help coaches identify which swimmers will swim fastest in the event.
冲刺间歇训练（SIT）组常用于指导参加短距离项目的游泳运动员日常训练；然而，关于其与比赛项目相关性的数据却很少。本研究旨在检验4×50米最大强度游泳组（工作与休息比例为1:4）和100米自由泳项目之间的表现变量是否存在差异或相关性。11名年龄在16.1±1.1岁的男性和16名女性竞技游泳运动员参与了该研究。所有游泳运动员每周至少训练6次，且训练经验超过4年。他们在不同日期以随机且平衡的顺序完成了两项自由泳测试。每次测试中，测量速度、血乳酸、划水频率（SR）和划水指数（SI）。与100米测试相比，4×50米测试中的速度、血乳酸和SR更高，且测试间呈正相关（p<0.001）。SI无显著差异，但测试间呈正相关。男性比女性速度更快且SI更高，但男女在血乳酸方面无差异。由于SIT组的表现变量更好且与100米比赛中的变量相关，我们建议4×50米组可用于提高100米自由泳项目的成绩。此外，该组有助于教练确定哪些游泳运动员在该项目中能游得最快。
