Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France.
Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 May 17;56(10):6091-6102. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03773. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
In birds, maternal transfer is a major exposure route for several contaminants, including poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Little is known, however, about the extent of the transfer of the different PFAS compounds to the eggs, especially for alternative fluorinated compounds. In the present study, we measured legacy and emerging PFAS, including Gen-X, ADONA, and F-53B, in the plasma of prelaying black-legged kittiwake females breeding in Svalbard and the yolk of their eggs. We aimed to (1) describe the contaminant levels and patterns in both females and eggs, and (2) investigate the maternal transfer, that is, biological variables and the relationship between the females and their eggs for each compound. Contamination of both females and eggs were dominated by linPFOS then PFUnA or PFTriA. We notably found 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid─a precursor of long-chain carboxylates─in 84% of the egg yolks, and provide the first documented finding of ADONA in wildlife. Emerging compounds were all below the detection limit in female plasma. There was a linear association between females and eggs for most of the PFAS. Analyses of maternal transfer ratios in females and eggs suggest that the transfer is increasing with PFAS carbon chain length, therefore the longest chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were preferentially transferred to the eggs. The mean ∑ in the second-laid eggs was 73% of that in the first-laid eggs. Additional effort on assessing the outcome of maternal transfers on avian development physiology is essential, especially for PFCAs and emerging fluorinated compounds which are under-represented in experimental studies.
在鸟类中，母体转移是几种污染物的主要暴露途径，包括多氟和全氟烷基物质（PFAS）。然而，对于不同的 PFAS 化合物向卵中的转移程度，特别是对于替代氟化化合物，人们知之甚少。在本研究中，我们测量了正在产卵的黑背鸥雌鸟在斯瓦尔巴德繁殖时的血浆中和其卵黄中的传统和新兴 PFAS，包括 Gen-X、ADONA 和 F-53B。我们旨在：（1）描述雌性和卵中的污染物水平和模式；（2）调查母体转移，即每个化合物的母体生物变量和与雌性及其卵的关系。雌性和卵中的污染都以 linPFOS 为主，其次是 PFUnA 或 PFTriA。我们特别发现 84%的卵黄中存在 7:3 氟代telomer 羧酸─长链羧酸的前体─，并首次在野生动物中发现 ADONA。新兴化合物在雌性血浆中的浓度均低于检测限。对于大多数 PFAS，雌性和卵之间存在线性关联。雌性和卵中母体转移比的分析表明，转移随着 PFAS 碳链长度的增加而增加，因此最长链的全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）优先转移到卵中。第二批产下的卵中的∑平均值是第一批产下的卵中的 73%。需要进一步努力评估母体转移对鸟类发育生理的影响，特别是对于 PFCAs 和新兴的氟化化合物，这些化合物在实验研究中代表性不足。
