Park Beom Seok, Lee Jaewang, Jun Jin Hyun
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea.
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea.
Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2021 Dec;48(4):303-310. doi: 10.5653/cerm.2021.05071. Epub 2021 Nov 30.
Decorin (DCN) is a proteoglycan belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family. It is composed of a protein core containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan chain consisting of either chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate. DCN is a structural component of connective tissues that can bind to type I collagen. It plays a role in the assembly of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and it is related to fibrillogenesis. It can interact with fibronectin, thrombospondin, complement component C1, transforming growth factor (TGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor. Normal DCN expression regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy, through interactions with various molecules. However, its aberrant expression is associated with oocyte maturation, oocyte quality, and poor extravillous trophoblast invasion of the uterus, which underlies the occurrence of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Spatiotemporal hormonal control of successful pregnancy should regulate the concentration and activity of specific proteins such as proteoglycan participating in the ECM remodeling of trophoblastic and uterine cells in fetal membranes and uterus. At the human feto-maternal interface, TGF-β and DCN play crucial roles in the regulation of trophoblast invasion of the uterus. This review summarizes the role of the proteoglycan DCN as an important and multifunctional molecule in the physiological regulation of oocyte maturation and trophoblast migration. This review also shows that recombinant DCN proteins might be useful for substantiating diverse functions in both animal and in vitro models of oogenesis and implantation.
核心蛋白聚糖（DCN）是一种属于富含亮氨酸小分子蛋白聚糖家族的蛋白聚糖。它由一个含有亮氨酸重复序列的蛋白质核心和一条由硫酸软骨素或硫酸皮肤素组成的糖胺聚糖链组成。DCN是结缔组织的一种结构成分，可与I型胶原结合。它在细胞外基质（ECM）的组装中起作用，并且与纤维形成有关。它可以与纤连蛋白、血小板反应蛋白、补体成分C1、转化生长因子（TGF）和表皮生长因子受体相互作用。正常的DCN表达通过与各种分子的相互作用调节广泛的细胞过程，包括增殖、迁移、凋亡和自噬。然而，其异常表达与卵母细胞成熟、卵母细胞质量以及子宫绒毛外滋养层细胞侵袭不良有关，这是子痫前期和胎儿生长受限发生的基础。成功妊娠的时空激素控制应调节特定蛋白质的浓度和活性，例如参与胎膜和子宫中滋养层细胞和子宫细胞ECM重塑的蛋白聚糖。在人胎盘与母体界面，TGF-β和DCN在调节子宫滋养层细胞侵袭中起关键作用。本综述总结了蛋白聚糖DCN作为一种重要的多功能分子在卵母细胞成熟和滋养层细胞迁移的生理调节中的作用。本综述还表明，重组DCN蛋白可能有助于在卵子发生和植入的动物模型及体外模型中证实多种功能。
