Song Hojun, Bucheli Sibyl R
Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA.
Cladistics. 2010 Feb;26(1):23-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00273.x. Epub 2009 Aug 25.
It is generally accepted that male genitalia evolve more rapidly and divergently relative to non-genital traits due to sexual selection, but there is little quantitative comparison of the pattern of evolution between these character sets. Moreover, despite the fact that genitalia are still among the most widely used characters in insect systematics, there is an idea that the rate of evolution is too rapid for genital characters to be useful in forming clades. Based on standard measures of fit used in cladistic analyses, we compare levels of homoplasy and synapomorphy between genital and non-genital characters of published data sets and demonstrate that phylogenetic signal between these two character sets is statistically similar. This pattern is found consistently across different insect orders at different taxonomic hierarchical levels. We argue that the fact that male genitalia are under sexual selection and thus diverge rapidly does not necessarily equate with the lack of phylogenetic signal, because characters that evolve by descent with modification make appropriate characters for a phylogenetic analysis, regardless of the rate of evolution. We conclude that male genitalia are a composite character consisting of different components diverging separately, which make them ideal characters for phylogenetic analyses, providing information for resolving varying levels of hierarchy. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
人们普遍认为，由于性选择，雄性生殖器相对于非生殖器性状进化得更快且更具差异性，但对于这些性状集之间的进化模式，几乎没有定量比较。此外，尽管生殖器仍然是昆虫系统学中使用最广泛的性状之一，但有一种观点认为，生殖器性状的进化速度太快，以至于在形成进化枝时没有用处。基于分支分析中使用的标准拟合度测量方法，我们比较了已发表数据集中生殖器性状和非生殖器性状之间的同塑性和共衍征水平，并证明这两个性状集之间的系统发育信号在统计学上是相似的。在不同昆虫目、不同分类层次水平上都一致发现了这种模式。我们认为，雄性生殖器受到性选择因而快速分化这一事实，并不一定等同于缺乏系统发育信号，因为通过修饰性遗传进化而来的性状，无论进化速度如何，都是系统发育分析的合适性状。我们得出结论，雄性生殖器是一个由不同部分分别分化组成的复合性状，这使它们成为系统发育分析的理想性状，能够为解决不同层次的分类问题提供信息。© 威利·亨尼希学会 2009 年。
