Departament of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 7;17(4):e0266710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266710. eCollection 2022.
Drosophila saltans group belongs to the subgenus Sophophora (family Drosophilidae), and it is subdivided into five subgroups, with 23 species. The species in this group are widely distributed in the Americas, primarily in the Neotropics. In the literature, the phylogenetic reconstruction of this group has been performed with various markers, but many inconsistencies remain. Here, we present a phylogenetic reconstruction of the saltans group with a greater number of species, 16 species, which is the most complete to date for the saltans group and includes all subgroups, in a combined analysis with morphological and molecular markers. We incorporated 48 morphological characters of male terminalia, the highest number used to date, and molecular markers based on mitochondrial genes COI and COII. Based on the results, which have recovered the five subgroups as distinct lineages, we propose a new hypothesis regarding the phylogenetic relationships among the subgroups of the saltans group. The relationships of the species within the sturtevanti and elliptica subgroups were well supported. The saltans subgroup showed several polytomies, but the relationship between the sibling species D. austrosaltans and D. saltans and their close relation with D. nigrosaltans were well supported in the molecular and total evidence analyses. The morphological analysis additionally supported the formation of the clade D. nigrosaltans-D. pseudosaltans. The observed polytomies may represent synchronous radiations or have resulted from speciation rates that have been too fast relative to the pace of substitution accumulation.
跳蛛组属于果蝇亚属（果蝇科），分为五个亚组，共有 23 个种。该组的物种广泛分布于美洲，主要分布于新热带地区。在文献中，该组的系统发育重建已经使用了各种标记物进行，但仍存在许多不一致之处。在这里，我们使用更多的物种（16 个物种）进行了跳蛛组的系统发育重建，这是迄今为止跳蛛组最完整的一次，包括所有亚组，与形态学和分子标记物相结合进行了分析。我们整合了雄性生殖末端的 48 个形态特征，这是迄今为止使用的最高数量，以及基于线粒体基因 COI 和 COII 的分子标记物。基于恢复五个亚组为不同谱系的结果，我们提出了一个关于跳蛛组亚组之间系统发育关系的新假设。sturtevanti 和 elliptica 亚组内的物种关系得到了很好的支持。saltans 亚组显示出几个多系群，但在分子和总证据分析中，D. austrosaltans 和 D. saltans 这两个姐妹种及其与 D. nigrosaltans 的密切关系得到了很好的支持。形态学分析还支持 D. nigrosaltans-D. pseudosaltans 分支的形成。观察到的多系群可能代表同步辐射，也可能是由于物种形成速度相对于替代积累速度过快所致。
