Burks Roger A, Heraty John M, Gebiola Marco, Hansson Christer
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia agraria "F. Silvestri" Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy.
Cladistics. 2011 Dec;27(6):581-605. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00358.x. Epub 2011 May 23.
A new combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Eulophidae is presented with special reference to the subfamily Entedoninae. We examined 28S D2-D5 and CO1 gene regions with parsimony and partitioned Bayesian analyses, and examined the impact of a small set of historically recognized morphological characters on combined analyses. Eulophidae was strongly supported as monophyletic only after exclusion of the enigmatic genus Trisecodes. The subfamilies Eulophinae, Entiinae (=Euderinae) and Tetrastichinae were consistently supported as monophyletic, but Entedoninae was monophyletic only in combined analyses. Six contiguous bases in the 3e' subregion of the 28S D2 rDNA contributed to placement of nominal subgenus of Closterocerus outside Entedoninae. In all cases, Euderomphalini was excluded from Entiinae, and we suggest that it be retained in Entedoninae. Opheliminae n. stat. is raised from tribe to subfamily status. Trisecodes is removed from Entedoninae but retained as incertae sedis in Eulophidae until its family placement can be determined new placement. The genera Neochrysocharisstat. rev. and Asecodesstat. rev. are removed from synonymy with Closterocerus because strong molecular differences corroborate their morphological differences. Closterocerus (Achrysocharis) germanicus is transferred to the genus Chrysonotomyian. comb. based on molecular and morphological characters.
本文提出了一种新的结合分子和形态学的姬小蜂科系统发育研究，特别针对恩姬小蜂亚科。我们使用简约法和分区贝叶斯分析研究了28S D2 - D5和CO1基因区域，并研究了一小部分历史上公认的形态特征对联合分析的影响。只有在排除神秘的Trisecodes属后，姬小蜂科才得到有力支持为单系类群。姬小蜂亚科、恩姬小蜂亚科（= 真姬小蜂亚科）和四棒姬小蜂亚科始终被支持为单系类群，但恩姬小蜂亚科仅在联合分析中为单系类群。28S D2 rDNA的3′亚区域中的六个连续碱基有助于将Closterocerus的名义亚属置于恩姬小蜂亚科之外。在所有情况下，真姬小蜂族都被排除在恩姬小蜂亚科之外，我们建议将其保留在恩姬小蜂亚科中。新设立了奥菲姬小蜂亚科，从族提升为亚科地位。Trisecodes从恩姬小蜂亚科中移除，但在其科级地位确定之前，保留在姬小蜂科中作为地位未定类群。新恢复地位的Neochrysocharis属和新恢复地位的Asecodes属不再与Closterocerus属同义，因为强烈的分子差异证实了它们的形态差异。基于分子和形态特征，Closterocerus (Achrysocharis) germanicus被转移到Chrysonotomyia属。
