Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Institute of Fishery Sciences, Lhasa, 850032, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Dec 7;17(1):377. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-03092-5.
Gut microbes play an important role in the growth and development of fish. The Tibetan Plateau fish Glyptosternum maculatum is a unique species of sisorid catfish living in the river up to 4200 m altitude.
To understand the mechanisms underlying the ability of G. maculatum to adapt to the high-altitude habitat, the intestinal microbiota of G. maculatum was studied. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of intestinal microorganisms of wild and cultured G. maculatum to explore the characteristics of intestinal microorganisms and compared the gut microbial community of wild and cultured G. maculatum. The results showed that the α-diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiome were higher in wild G. maculatum than in cultured fish. The most abundant phylum in both G. maculatum were Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes; Cetobacterium and Cupriavidus are the most dominant genus. The membership and structure of intestinal bacterial communities in wild G. maculatum are similar to the cultured fish, suggesting that a core microbiota is present in both G. maculatum intestinal bacterial communities. Metastats analysis showed that six genera were differentially represented between the wild and cultured G. maculatum.
The most interesting characteristic of the intestinal microbial communities of G. maculatum is that there were large numbers of Cupriavidus, which may play an important role in the adaptation of G. maculatum to the water of the Yarlung Zangbo River with a high Cu content. This result, in turn, can guide us on breeding G. maculatum.
肠道微生物在鱼类的生长和发育中起着重要作用。青藏高原鱼类齐口裂腹鱼是一种独特的高原裂腹鱼，生活在海拔 4200 米以上的河流中。
为了了解齐口裂腹鱼适应高海拔栖息地的机制，研究了齐口裂腹鱼的肠道微生物群。我们使用高通量测序技术对野生和养殖齐口裂腹鱼肠道微生物的 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因进行了测序，以探讨肠道微生物的特征，并比较了野生和养殖齐口裂腹鱼的肠道微生物群落。结果表明，野生齐口裂腹鱼的肠道微生物 α-多样性和丰富度高于养殖鱼类。两种齐口裂腹鱼最丰富的门是厚壁菌门、变形菌门、Firmicutes 和拟杆菌门；Cetobacterium 和 Cupriavidus 是最优势属。野生齐口裂腹鱼肠道细菌群落的成员和结构与养殖鱼类相似，这表明两种齐口裂腹鱼的肠道细菌群落都存在核心微生物群。Metastats 分析显示，有 6 个属在野生和养殖齐口裂腹鱼之间存在差异表达。
齐口裂腹鱼肠道微生物群落最有趣的特征是存在大量 Cupriavidus，这可能在齐口裂腹鱼适应雅鲁藏布江水高铜含量方面发挥重要作用。这一结果反过来又可以指导我们养殖齐口裂腹鱼。
