Retrospective analysis of influencing factors on the efficacy of mechanical ventilation in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely around the world with strong infectivity, rapid mutation and a high mortality rate. Mechanical ventilation has been included in the () as an important treatment for severe and critical COVID-19 patients, but its clinical efficacy in COVID-19 patients is various. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influencing factors on the efficacy of mechanical ventilation in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

AIM

The aim of this study was to determine the influencing factors on the efficacy of mechanical ventilation in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

A total of 27 severe and critical COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study and treated with mechanical ventilation at the Optical Valley Campus of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Wuhan, Hubei Province) from February 20, 2020 to April 5, 2020. According to the final treatment outcomes, the patients were divided into the "effective group" and "death group." The clinical data of the two groups, such as the treatment process and final outcome, were retrospectively analyzed in order to determine the specific curative effects on the two groups and the reasons for the differences in such curative effects, as well as to explore the factors related to death.

RESULTS

This study enrolled 27 severe and critical COVID-19 patients, including 17 males (63.0%) and 10 females (37.0%). Their ages were 74.41 ± 11.73-years-old, and 19 patients (70.4%) were over 70-years-old. Severe COVID-19 patients over 70-years-old who were treated with mechanical ventilation died in 14 cases (82.4%); thus, this was the peak age. A total of 17 patients died of basic disease, 16 of whom had more than two basic diseases. The basic diseases were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At the same time, 13 patients (76.5%) died from an abnormal increase in blood glucose. Among them, eight had diabetes before contracting COVID-19 and five had a stress-induced increase in blood glucose after contracting COVID-19. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in one case. The use of tocilizumab may be a double-edged sword that carries a certain risk in clinical usage. Among the patients who died, 16 (94.1%) went into septic shock at the end. There were significant differences in the degree of infection, cardiac and renal function, and blood glucose between the death group and effective group.

CONCLUSION

Age, blood glucose, cardiac and renal function, and inflammatory reaction are important indicators of poor prognosis for mechanical ventilation in severe and critical COVID-19 patients.