El-Mathana Mohamed E, Mostafa Nagwan G, Galal Mona M, Elawwad Abdelsalam
Environmental Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, El-Gamaa St., 12613 Giza, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2021 Nov 18;7(11):e08421. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08421. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes and the resulting groundwater contamination is a major issue, especially for developing countries. The main objective of this paper is to develop a groundwater mass transport model in order to study the effect of an open solid waste dumpsite on the water quality of water resources within the region around it. The harmful effects of indiscriminate solid wastes disposal by open dumping, which is still followed in many developing countries around the world, is highlighted. Abu Zaabal dumpsite; which is located in Qalyubiyah Governorate, Egypt; receives huge amounts of wastes daily causing leachate generation that percolates deep into the soil and polluting the shallow aquifer. The Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) software was used to model the groundwater flow and mass transport, using data collected from the site investigation and literature historical data available. Of the several contaminants measured in the site, six critical contaminants; namely Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Lead, Boron, Nitrate, Manganese and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD); were chosen to be modeled. The developed model was used to simulate the six contaminants using a transient-state model and concentration values for two different scenarios. Scenario-1 assumes that the dumpsite will be active until 2080, whereas Scenario-2 represents imminent closure of the dumpsite. The model results of each contaminant were calculated over 100-year interval, from 1980 until 2080, and the results of 2080 were presented. The results showed that the dumpsite had a major impact on the nearby water bodies, Abu Zaabal ponds and Belbais Drain. Moreover, the closure of the dumpsite showed that the maximum concentration of the majority of the considered contaminants was decreased by approximately 60-65%.
固体废物的随意倾倒以及由此导致的地下水污染是一个重大问题，尤其对于发展中国家而言。本文的主要目的是建立一个地下水质量传输模型，以研究露天固体废物倾倒场对其周边地区水资源水质的影响。文中强调了在世界许多发展中国家仍在采用的露天随意倾倒固体废物处置方式的有害影响。位于埃及盖勒尤比省的阿布扎阿卜倾倒场，每天接收大量废物，产生渗滤液，渗滤液渗入深层土壤，污染浅层含水层。利用从现场调查收集的数据和现有的文献历史数据，采用地下水模拟系统（GMS）软件对地下水流和质量传输进行建模。在所测量的该场地的几种污染物中，选择了六种关键污染物进行建模，即总溶解固体（TDS）、铅、硼、硝酸盐、锰和化学需氧量（COD）。所建立的模型用于使用瞬态模型和两种不同情景的浓度值来模拟这六种污染物。情景1假设倾倒场将一直运营到2080年，而情景2表示倾倒场即将关闭。每种污染物的模型结果在1980年至2080年的100年时间间隔内进行计算，并给出了2080年的结果。结果表明，该倾倒场对附近水体、阿布扎阿卜池塘和贝尔贝斯排水渠有重大影响。此外，倾倒场的关闭表明，大多数所考虑污染物的最大浓度降低了约60 - 65%。
