Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Shanghai Licheng Bio‑Technique Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201900, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2022 Feb;49(2). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5070. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Stroke is the leading cause of disabilities and cognitive deficits, accounting for 5.2% of all mortalities worldwide. Transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral vessels leads to ischemic strokes, which constitutes the majority of strokes. Ischemic strokes induce brain infarcts, along with cerebral tissue death and focal neuronal damage. The infarct size and neurological severity after ischemic stroke episodes depends on the time period since occurrence, the severity of ischemia, systemic blood pressure, vein systems and location of infarcts, amongst others. Ischemic stroke is a complex disease, and neuronal injuries after ischemic strokes have been the focus of current studies. The present review will provide a basic pathological background of ischemic stroke and cerebral infarcts. Moreover, the major mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and neuronal injuries are summarized. This review will also briefly summarize some representative clinical trials and up‑to‑date treatments that have been applied to stroke and brain infarcts.
中风是导致残疾和认知缺陷的主要原因，占全球所有死亡人数的 5.2%。脑血管的短暂或永久性阻塞会导致缺血性中风，这是中风的主要类型。缺血性中风会导致脑梗死，以及脑组织死亡和局灶性神经元损伤。缺血性中风发作后梗死的大小和神经严重程度取决于发生的时间、缺血的严重程度、全身血压、静脉系统和梗死的位置等。缺血性中风是一种复杂的疾病，目前的研究重点是缺血性中风后的神经元损伤。本综述将提供缺血性中风和脑梗死的基本病理背景。此外，还总结了缺血性中风和神经元损伤的主要机制。本综述还将简要总结一些已应用于中风和脑梗死的有代表性的临床试验和最新治疗方法。
