Department of Health Information Management and Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-7322.
Department of Health Information Management and Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-0329.
J Emerg Manag. 2021 Nov-Dec;19(6):591-606. doi: 10.5055/jem.0612.
Effective crisis management can reduce the costs and consequences of a crisis and has a significant impact on saving human lives in critical situations. Proper use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can improve all crisis management phases and crisis communication cycles according to the needs of stakeholders. The purpose of this review article is to identify which ICTs have been used in effective crisis management and what managerial tasks they support.
A systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA protocol. The investigated articles that have been published in English were all indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, IEEE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2005 to 2019. The keywords searched were "Crisis Management," "Emergency Management," "Information and Communication Technology," and their synonyms.
A total of 1,703 articles were retrieved, and 81 articles that met the inclusion criteria were retained. In terms of content, there were 54 case studies/review articles, 38 proposals, and seven prototypes among which 18 case studies and proposals were the same. According to surveys, 18 ICT tools and technologies have been used in effective crisis management with the purpose of supporting managerial tasks such as situation assessment, decision-making, coordination/command and control, communication with the public, and supply of basic services in order to enable crisis management and logistics.
This study showed that proper use of ICT can help crisis managers optimize their performance that will consequently result in effective crisis management and the reduction of casualties. In the crisis management cycle, several tools and technologies have been used for various purposes, however; some crisis managers' tasks were still not taken into consideration sufficiently, and thus, some recommendations for further research in this field were provided.
有效的危机管理可以降低危机的成本和后果，对拯救危急情况下的人类生命具有重要意义。适当利用信息和通信技术（ICT）可以根据利益相关者的需求改进所有危机管理阶段和危机沟通周期。本文的目的是确定在有效的危机管理中使用了哪些信息和通信技术，以及它们支持哪些管理任务。
基于 PRISMA 协议进行了系统评价。研究人员在 2005 年至 2019 年期间，在 PubMed、Science Direct、IEEE、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库中检索了所有以英文发表的已索引文章。搜索的关键词是“危机管理”“应急管理”“信息和通信技术”及其同义词。
共检索到 1703 篇文章，符合纳入标准的文章有 81 篇。就内容而言，有 54 篇案例研究/综述文章、38 篇提案和 7 个原型，其中有 18 篇案例研究和提案是相同的。根据调查，有 18 种 ICT 工具和技术已用于有效的危机管理，旨在支持管理任务，如情况评估、决策、协调/指挥与控制、与公众沟通以及基本服务的供应，以实现危机管理和物流。
本研究表明，适当利用信息和通信技术可以帮助危机管理者优化其绩效，从而实现有效的危机管理和减少人员伤亡。在危机管理周期中，已经使用了几种工具和技术用于各种目的，但一些危机管理者的任务仍未得到充分考虑，因此，本文为该领域的进一步研究提供了一些建议。
