Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Am J Hum Biol. 2022 Aug;34(8):e23711. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23711. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Though relationships between limb bone structure and mechanical loading have provided fantastic opportunities for understanding the lives of prehistoric adults, the lives of children remain poorly understood. Our aim was to determine whether or not adult tibial skeletal variables retain information about childhood/adolescent loading, through assessing relationships between cortical and trabecular bone variables and the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal adult females.
Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to quantify geometric and densitometric variables from the proximal tibial diaphysis (66% location) and distal epiphysis (4% location) among 81 nulliparous young adult female controls and athletes aged 19-33 years grouped according to intensity of impact loading both pre- and post-menarche: (1) Low:Low (Controls); (2) High:Low; (3) High:High; (4) Moderate:Moderate; (5) Low:Moderate. ANCOVA was used to compare properties among the groups adjusted for age, stature, and body mass.
Significant increases in diaphyseal total cross-sectional area and strength-strain index were documented among groups with any pre-menarcheal impact loading relative to groups with none, regardless of post-menarcheal loading history (p < .01). In contrast, significantly elevated distal trabecular volumetric bone mineral density was only documented among groups with recent post-menarcheal loading relative to groups with none, regardless of pre-menarcheal impact loading history (p < .01).
The consideration of diaphyseal cortical bone geometric and epiphyseal trabecular bone densitometric variables together within the tibia can identify variation in pre-menarcheal and post-menarcheal impact loading histories among premenopausal adult females.
尽管肢体骨骼结构与机械载荷之间的关系为了解史前成年人的生活提供了极好的机会，但儿童的生活仍知之甚少。我们的目的是通过评估皮质骨和松质骨变量与绝经前成年女性月经初潮前后冲击载荷发生时间之间的关系，确定成人胫骨骨骼变量是否保留了与儿童/青少年载荷有关的信息。
在 81 名未生育的年轻成年女性对照者和运动员中，使用外周定量计算机断层扫描技术测量胫骨近端骨干（66%位置）和远端骨骺（4%位置）的几何和密度变量，这些运动员按月经初潮前后冲击载荷的强度分组：（1）低：低（对照组）；（2）高：低；（3）高：高；（4）中：中；（5）低：中。调整年龄、身高和体重后，使用协方差分析比较各组之间的特性。
与没有月经初潮前冲击载荷的组相比，任何月经初潮前冲击载荷的组的骨干总横截面积和强度应变指数均显著增加，而与月经初潮后载荷史无关（p <.01）。相反，只有最近月经初潮后有载荷的组的远端松质骨体积骨密度显著升高，而与月经初潮前冲击载荷史无关（p <.01）。
在胫骨中同时考虑骨干皮质骨几何形状和骨骺松质骨密度变量，可以识别绝经前和绝经后冲击载荷史在绝经前成年女性中的变化。
