Agrawal Varsha, Paulose Rini, Arya Rahul, Rajak Gaurav, Giri Abhishek, Bijanu Abhijit, Sanghi Sunil K, Mishra Deepti, N Prasanth, Khare Anup Kumar, Parmar Varsha, Khan Mohammed Akram, Bhisikar Abhay, Srivastava Avanish Kumar, Thankaraj Salammal Shabi
CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt B):127507. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127507. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
Red mud is a solid hazardous alumina industrial waste, which is rich in iron, titanium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, etc. The red mud contains 30-60% of hematite, which is suitable for shielding high energy X- and gamma rays. So, the iron rich red mud was converted into diagnostic X-ray shielding tiles through ceramic route by adding a certain weight percentage of BaSO and binders (kaolin clay or sodium hexametaphosphate) with it. The kaolin clay tile possess sufficient impact strength (failure point is 852 mm for 19 mm steel ball) and flexural strength of ~25 N/mm, which is suitable for wall applications. The 10.3 mm and 14.7 mm thick red mud:BaSO:kaolin clay tile possess the attenuation equivalent to 2 mm and 2.3 mm lead at 125 kVp and 140 kVp, respectively. No heavy elements were found to leach out except chromium and arsenic from the sintered tiles. However, the leaching of Cr (0.6 ppm) and As (0.015 ppm) was found to be well below the permissible limit. These tiles can be used in the X-ray diagnosis, CT scanner, bone densitometry, and cath labs instead of toxic lead sheet and thereby to protect the operating personnel, public, and environment from radiation hazards.
赤泥是一种固体危险氧化铝工业废料，富含铁、钛、铝、硅、钙等元素。赤泥中含有30%-60%的赤铁矿，适用于屏蔽高能X射线和γ射线。因此，通过添加一定重量百分比的硫酸钡和粘结剂（高岭土或六偏磷酸钠），采用陶瓷工艺将富铁赤泥转化为诊断用X射线屏蔽瓷砖。高岭土瓷砖具有足够的冲击强度（19毫米钢球的破坏点为852毫米）和约25牛/平方毫米的抗弯强度，适用于墙面应用。10.3毫米和14.7毫米厚的赤泥：硫酸钡：高岭土瓷砖在125千伏峰值电压和140千伏峰值电压下的衰减分别相当于2毫米和2.3毫米厚的铅。除了烧结瓷砖中的铬和砷外，未发现有重金属元素浸出。然而，铬（0.6 ppm）和砷（0.015 ppm）的浸出量远低于允许限值。这些瓷砖可用于X射线诊断、CT扫描仪、骨密度测定和导管实验室，以替代有毒的铅板，从而保护操作人员、公众和环境免受辐射危害。
