Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.
Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2022;17(4):343-357. doi: 10.2174/1574892816666211208155811.
Tea, as the bud from the plant Camellia sinensis, is the most consumed popular beverage just next to water; especially green tea has gained much attention because of its health effects. The anticancer effects of tea components including tea polyphenols, in particular epigallocatechin gallate and tea polysaccharides, are widely investigated in recent years.
Based on the articles and patents published in the last 10 years, this review focuses on the structural activities and molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of tea components (mainly tea polyphenols and tea polysaccharides) to provide references for future anticancer studies of tea.
In the database, a literature search was conducted with "tea polyphenols", "tea polysaccharides", "theanine" and "anticancer" as the keywords, and the limited time range was "2010-2021". After sorting out and analyzing the retrieval results, the structure, activity and molecular mechanism, as well as the research progress on the structural modification, drug delivery system and toxicology of natural agents in tea in recent years, were summarized.
We found that the natural anticancer agents in tea mainly include tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides, theanine, caffeine and other components by summarizing the literature. The anticancer mechanisms can be divided into the induction of cell apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion, and inhibition of angiogenesis. In the past 10 years, there was little literature on the structural modification, drug delivery system and toxicological evaluation of natural anticancer agents in tea, and there were reports of novel research on nano preparations. The studies showed that nano preparation technology could effectively improve the bioavailability and targeting treatment of anticancer tea components. In addition, in the past decade, patents on tea and natural anticancer agents in tea were relatively rich, among which pharmaceutic preparation patents were the majority, and tea polyphenols were the main ones.
This paper concluded that there are many kinds of natural anticancer agents in tea, and the anticancer mechanism is complex. Further research on the structural modification, drug delivery system and toxicological evaluation of relevant anticancer active components can be carried out. In general, tea components as new anticancer substances have a certain potential for development. In addition, future research can be focused on the comprehensive study of the structure-activity relationship, the in-depth study of the molecular mechanism, the in-depth understanding of the anticancer effects in vivo, and the verification of large-scale production.
茶是由山茶属植物的芽制成的饮品，是仅次于水的最受欢迎的大众饮品；尤其是绿茶，由于其健康功效而备受关注。近年来，人们广泛研究了茶成分（包括茶多酚，特别是表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯和茶多糖）的抗癌作用。
基于过去 10 年发表的文章和专利，本综述重点介绍了茶成分（主要是茶多酚和茶多糖）抗癌作用的结构活性和分子机制，为未来的茶抗癌研究提供参考。
在数据库中，以“茶多酚”“茶多糖”“茶氨酸”和“抗癌”为关键词进行文献检索，并将时间范围限定在“2010-2021”年。对检索结果进行整理和分析后，总结了近年来茶中天然活性成分的结构、活性和分子机制以及结构修饰、药物传递系统和毒理学的研究进展。
通过文献总结，发现茶中的天然抗癌剂主要包括茶多酚、茶多糖、茶氨酸、咖啡因等成分。抗癌机制可分为诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖、转移和侵袭以及抑制血管生成。在过去的 10 年中，关于茶中天然抗癌剂的结构修饰、药物传递系统和毒理学评价的文献较少，有关于纳米制剂的新研究报道。研究表明，纳米制剂技术可有效提高抗癌茶成分的生物利用度和靶向治疗效果。此外，在过去的十年中，茶和茶中天然抗癌剂的专利相对丰富，其中药物制剂专利居多，以茶多酚为主。
本文总结了茶中含有多种天然抗癌剂，抗癌机制复杂。可以对相关抗癌活性成分的结构修饰、药物传递系统和毒理学评价进行进一步研究。总的来说，茶成分作为新的抗癌物质具有一定的开发潜力。此外，未来的研究可以集中在结构-活性关系的综合研究、分子机制的深入研究、体内抗癌作用的深入了解以及大规模生产的验证上。
