Laboratory of Parasitology, Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Department of Cartographic Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2021 Dec;26:100645. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100645. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
Lungworms such as Dictyocaulus spp. in cattle and small ruminants, and Muellerius capillaris and Protostrongylus rufescens in small ruminants are important pathogens, causing respiratory disease in these livestock species. Despite their veterinary importance, lungworms of livestock have been poorly studied in certain regions of the world, including Brazil. Therefore, much of their epidemiology and economic impacts on production remain unknown. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical and current data published on lungworm infection of domestic ruminants in Brazil. This review consisted of a comprehensive search of technical and scientific publications between January 1980 to December 2020, using online sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scielo. Twenty-four articles published over the last 40 years reporting lungworms exclusively in cattle (n = 16), goats (n = 6) and sheep (n = 1) in Brazil were included. In addition, a study (n = 1) with both goats and sheep were also utilized. Overall, 12 studies were based only on post-mortem examination, five in the detection of specimens in fecal samples, and seven were based on fecal analysis followed by post-mortem examination. Out of all studies, 66.7% (n = 16) articles registered D. viviparus, 4.2% (n = 1) D. filaria, 8.3% (n = 2) P. rufescens, 16.7% (n = 4) M. capillaris, and 4.2% (n = 1) co-infection by D. filaria and M. capillaris. The existence of suitable environmental conditions, as well as intermediate and definitive hosts in Brazil contribute for the survival and development of these nematode species. The majority of the reports of lungworms originate from the Southern and Southeastern regions of the country, whose mild temperatures likely contribute to their occurrence. Finally, lungworms of ruminants have been reported over the past four decades in Brazil, but most of the information was obtained at post-mortem examination. Therefore, further studies to investigate epidemiological aspects in different hosts and regions of the country are needed.
牛羊等反刍动物的肺线虫，如网尾属线虫和丝状网尾线虫，以及小反刍动物的缪勒属线虫和原圆线虫，都是重要的病原体，会导致这些家畜的呼吸道疾病。尽管这些肺线虫对兽医来说很重要，但在世界某些地区，包括巴西，对它们的研究还很不完善。因此，它们在流行病学和对生产的经济影响方面的许多情况仍然未知。本文旨在提供巴西国内反刍动物肺线虫感染的历史和当前数据的综合概述。本综述包括对 1980 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间发表的技术和科学出版物的全面搜索，使用了 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Scielo 等在线资源。40 年来，共检索到 24 篇仅在巴西报道牛（n=16）、山羊（n=6）和绵羊（n=1）的肺线虫的文章。此外，还利用了一项同时涉及山羊和绵羊的研究。总的来说，12 项研究仅基于尸检，5 项研究基于粪便样本中检测到的标本，7 项研究基于粪便分析后进行尸检。在所有研究中，66.7%（n=16）的文章记录了网尾属线虫，4.2%（n=1）的文章记录了丝状网尾线虫，8.3%（n=2）的文章记录了原圆线虫，16.7%（n=4）的文章记录了缪勒属线虫，4.2%（n=1）的文章记录了丝状网尾线虫和缪勒属线虫共同感染。巴西存在适合这些线虫物种生存和发育的环境条件以及中间宿主和终末宿主。肺线虫的大部分报告来自该国的南部和东南部地区，那里温和的温度可能有助于它们的发生。最后，过去 40 年来，巴西已经报告了反刍动物的肺线虫，但大多数信息是在尸检时获得的。因此，需要在该国不同的宿主和地区进行进一步的研究，以调查其流行病学方面的情况。
