Jia Tong, Wang Xuerong, Guo Tingyan, Chai Baofeng
Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration on Loess Plateau, Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Nov 22;12:780015. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.780015. eCollection 2021.
Microorganisms drive litter decomposition while maintaining the chemical cycle of ecosystems. We used the dominant vegetation () in the mining area selected for this study for this experiment to explore fungal community characteristics, key fungal groups, and their associative driving factors during litter decomposition. Maximum litter C/N values occurred 100days after the commencement of the decomposition experiment during all different recovery years in this copper tailings area. Heavy metals in litter [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), plumbum (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] accumulated gradually with decomposition. The dominant fungal phyla observed in the community were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, while the classes Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes significantly increased as litter decomposition progressed. Degrees of connectivity and interaction between fungal communities were highest during the early litter decomposition stage. Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Leotiomycetes all played critical roles in maintaining fungal community relationships. The effect of physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in litter was significant on the dominant fungi, while driving factors that affected fungal communities differed over different recovery stages. Total nitrogen (TN), heavy metals, pH, and enzyme activities in the little were significantly correlated with fungal community composition. Litter properties throughout the litter decomposition process mainly affected the dynamics of the fungal community structure. The main environmental factors that affected fungal community structure were copper content and pH. , , , , , and , which all played important roles in litter decomposition, positively correlated with heavy metals, sucrase, and catalase. Finally, results from this study will help us better clarify litter decomposition mechanisms in degraded ecosystems as well as provide a scientific basis for improving species cycling and nutrient transformation efficiency in mining ecosystems.
微生物推动凋落物分解，同时维持生态系统的化学循环。我们在本研究选定的矿区使用优势植被进行该实验，以探究凋落物分解过程中的真菌群落特征、关键真菌类群及其相关驱动因素。在这个铜尾矿区域，不同恢复年份的分解实验开始100天后，凋落物的碳氮比达到最大值。凋落物中的重金属（铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）和镉（Cd））随着分解过程逐渐积累。群落中观察到的优势真菌门为子囊菌门和担子菌门，而粪壳菌纲和散囊菌纲随着凋落物分解进程显著增加。真菌群落之间的连通性和相互作用程度在凋落物分解早期最高。粪壳菌纲、座囊菌纲和柔膜菌纲在维持真菌群落关系中都发挥着关键作用。凋落物中的理化性质和酶活性对优势真菌有显著影响，而影响真菌群落的驱动因素在不同恢复阶段有所不同。凋落物中的总氮（TN）、重金属、pH值和酶活性与真菌群落组成显著相关。凋落物分解过程中的凋落物性质主要影响真菌群落结构的动态变化。影响真菌群落结构的主要环境因素是铜含量和pH值。在凋落物分解中都发挥重要作用的[具体因素未给出]与重金属、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶呈正相关。最后，本研究结果将有助于我们更好地阐明退化生态系统中的凋落物分解机制，并为提高采矿生态系统中的物种循环和养分转化效率提供科学依据。
