Department of Nutritional Sciences, 110 C Chandlee Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Center for Childhood Obesity Research, 129 Noll Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Appetite. 2022 Feb 1;169:105849. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105849. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
The parent feeding literature has largely focused on the use of controlling, intrusive practices to manage children's food intake (e.g., restriction, pressure). Less research has been conducted on parents' use of food as a contingency to direct or motivate child behavior. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Feeding to Manage Child Behavior Questionnaire (FMCBQ). A mixed-methods approach was used to develop the 10-item questionnaire. Cognitive interviews informed the modification, deletion and/or replacement of items. The survey was distributed to mothers of children aged 2-5 years participating in the Women, Infants, and Children program or Head Start (n = 334). Factor analysis was conducted to test our theoretical model and construct validity was assessed. Caregivers also completed the Structure and Control in Parenting Feeding (SCPF) questionnaire and Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 2-factor model; 5-item Food to Soothe (FTS) and 4-item Food as Reward (FAR) subscale. Internal consistencies were good (0.84, 0.70 respectively). Both subscales were weakly and negatively associated with maternal self-reported BMI. As predicted, both subscales were positively correlated with child negative affect and other control-based feeding practices, whereas only FTS was negatively associated with structure-based feeding. The FMCBQ provides a short, reliable, and valid tool to assess use of FAR and FTS in response to a variety of contexts to better understand how mothers feed their children.
父母喂养文献主要集中在使用控制、侵入性的实践来管理儿童的食物摄入（例如，限制、施压）。关于父母将食物作为引导或激励儿童行为的条件的研究较少。本研究旨在开发和验证《管理儿童行为的喂养问卷》（FMCBQ）。采用混合方法来开发 10 项问卷。认知访谈为修改、删除和/或替换项目提供了信息。该调查分发给参与妇女、婴儿和儿童计划或 Head Start（n=334）的 2-5 岁儿童的母亲。进行因子分析以检验我们的理论模型，评估结构效度。照顾者还完成了《育儿喂养结构与控制问卷》（SCPF）和《儿童行为问卷》（CBQ）。探索性因子分析显示出 2 因素模型；5 项“安抚食物”（FTS）和 4 项“奖励食物”（FAR）分量表。内部一致性良好（分别为 0.84、0.70）。两个分量表与母亲自我报告的 BMI 呈弱负相关。如预测的那样，两个分量表均与儿童负性情绪和其他基于控制的喂养行为呈正相关，而只有 FTS 与基于结构的喂养呈负相关。FMCBQ 提供了一种简短、可靠和有效的工具，用于评估在各种情况下使用 FAR 和 FTS 的情况，以更好地了解母亲如何喂养孩子。
