Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Carbon Material Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
Molecules. 2021 Nov 24;26(23):7104. doi: 10.3390/molecules26237104.
This study explores the modification of lignin with surfactants, which can be used as a template to make mesoporous structures, and can also be used in combination with manganese oxide to produce manganese oxide/lignin-derived carbon. Organosolv extraction, using ethanol (70%) at 150 °C, was carried out to extract lignin from oil palm wood. Lignin was then mixed with Pluronic F-127, with and without Mn(NO), and then crosslinked with acidic formaldehyde, resulting in a carbon precursor-based modified lignin. Carbonization was carried out at 900 °C to produce lignin-derived carbon and manganese oxide/lignin-derived carbon. The characterization materials included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N-sorption analysis. FTIR curves displayed the vibration bands of lignin and manganese oxide. SEM images exhibited the different morphological characteristics of carbon from LS120% (lignin with a Pluronic surfactant of 120%) and LS120%Mn20% (lignin with a Pluronic of 120% and Mn oxide of 20%). Carbon LS120% (C-LS120%) showed the highest specific surface area of 1425 m/g with a mean pore size of 3.14 nm. The largest mean pore size of 5.23 nm with a specific surface area of 922 m/g was exhibited by carbon LS120%-Mn20% (C-LS120%-Mn20%). C-LS120%Mn20% features two phases of Mn oxide crystals. The highest specific capacitance of 345 F/g was exhibited by C-LS120%-Mn20%.
本研究探索了用表面活性剂修饰木质素，将木质素作为模板制备中孔结构，也可以与氧化锰结合制备氧化锰/木质素衍生碳。采用乙醇（70%）在 150°C 下进行有机溶剂萃取，从油棕木中提取木质素。然后将木质素与 Pluronic F-127 混合，有无 Mn(NO3)2，并与酸性甲醛交联，得到基于碳前体的改性木质素。在 900°C 下进行碳化，得到木质素衍生碳和氧化锰/木质素衍生碳。表征材料包括傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、扫描电子显微镜-能量色散 X 射线（SEM-EDX）映射、X 射线衍射（XRD）和 N 吸附分析。FTIR 曲线显示了木质素和氧化锰的振动带。SEM 图像显示了 LS120%（木质素与 120%的 Pluronic 表面活性剂）和 LS120%Mn20%（木质素与 120%的 Pluronic 和 20%的氧化锰）的碳的不同形态特征。碳 LS120%（C-LS120%）表现出最高的比表面积为 1425 m/g，平均孔径为 3.14nm。比表面积为 922 m/g，最大平均孔径为 5.23nm 的是碳 LS120%-Mn20%（C-LS120%-Mn20%）。C-LS120%-Mn20%具有两种形态的 Mn 氧化物晶体。C-LS120%-Mn20%表现出最高的比电容为 345 F/g。
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