School of Economics and Management, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
Research Center for Urbanization and New Rural Construction, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 2;18(23):12712. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312712.
Under the influence of complex urbanization, improving the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) plays an important role in the construction of low-carbon cities in China. Based on the panel data of 283 prefectural-level cities in China from 2005 to 2017, this study evaluated the CEE by the US-SBM model, and explored the spatial agglomeration evolution characteristics of CEE from static and dynamic perspectives by integrating ESDA and Spatial Markov Chains. Then, the spatial heterogeneity of the impacts of multi-dimensional urbanization on CEE were analyzed by using the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR). The results show that: (1) with the evolution of time, the CEE has a trend of gradual improvement, but the average is 0.4693; (2) from the perspective of spatial static agglomeration, the "hot spots" of CEE mainly concentrated in Shandong Peninsula, Pearl River Delta, and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration; The dynamic evolution of CEE gradually forms the phenomenon of "club convergence"; (3) urbanization of different dimensions shows spatial heterogeneity to CEE. The impact of economic urbanization in northern cities on CEE shows an inverted "U" shape, and the negative impact of spatial urbanization on CEE appears in the northwest and resource-based cities around Bohai Sea. Population and social urbanization have a positive promoting effect on CEE after 2010. These findings may help China to improve the level of CEE at the city level and provide a reference for low-carbon decision-making.
在复杂城市化的影响下，提高碳排放效率（CEE）在中国建设低碳城市中起着重要作用。本研究基于 2005 年至 2017 年中国 283 个地级市的面板数据，采用 US-SBM 模型评估了 CEE，并通过整合 ESDA 和空间马尔可夫链，从静态和动态两个角度探讨了 CEE 的空间集聚演变特征。然后，利用地理和时空加权回归（GTWR）分析了多维城市化对 CEE 的影响的空间异质性。结果表明：（1）随着时间的演变，CEE 呈逐渐改善的趋势，但平均值为 0.4693；（2）从空间静态集聚的角度来看，CEE 的“热点”主要集中在山东半岛、珠江三角洲和成渝城市群；CEE 的动态演变逐渐形成“俱乐部收敛”现象；（3）不同维度的城市化对 CEE 表现出空间异质性。北方城市经济城市化对 CEE 的影响呈倒“U”型，空间城市化对 CEE 的负面影响出现在西北和环渤海资源型城市。人口和社会城市化在 2010 年后对 CEE 具有积极的促进作用。这些发现可能有助于中国提高城市层面的 CEE 水平，并为低碳决策提供参考。
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