Research Group "Work and Transportation Management", School of Industrial Engineering, University of Malaga, C/Dr. Ortiz Ramos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
Department of Public Health and Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 6;18(23):12851. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312851.
Each year, 1.35 million people worldwide die due to Road Traffic Injuries (RTI), highlighting the need for further research. The risk of RTI is usually estimated as the number of casualties divided by the level of exposure in a population. Identifying the most appropriate exposure measures is one of the most important current challenges in this field. This paper presents an analysis of exposure measures used in empirical studies on road accidents. The results show a large variability in the exposure measures used, ranging from more general measures (such as population figures or vehicle fleet) to more specific measures related to mobility (such as number of trips, distances or travel time). A comparison of the risk patterns found shows that there is a partial consensus on the profiles with the highest risk of road traffic injuries. In conclusion, there is a need for the international standardization of criteria and data to be recorded, at least injury severity and measures of exposure to mobility, as the travel time disaggregated by socio-demographic variables and mode of transport. Such data would provide higher-quality results on risk profiles and facilitate the implementation of more effective, knowledge-based road safety policies.
每年，全球有 135 万人死于道路交通伤害（RTI），这突显了进一步研究的必要性。RTI 的风险通常估计为人口中伤亡人数与暴露水平的比值。确定最合适的暴露度量是该领域当前面临的最重要挑战之一。本文分析了道路交通事故实证研究中使用的暴露度量。结果表明，所使用的暴露度量存在很大差异，从更一般的度量（如人口数字或车队）到更具体的与流动性相关的度量（如旅行次数、距离或旅行时间）。对发现的风险模式进行比较后发现，道路交通伤害风险最高的人群存在部分共识。总之，需要对记录的标准和数据进行国际标准化，至少要记录伤害严重程度和流动性暴露度量，以及按社会人口变量和交通方式细分的旅行时间。这些数据将提供关于风险概况的更高质量结果，并促进实施更有效、基于知识的道路安全政策。
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