Johansson Nils
Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
Circ Econ Sustain. 2021;1(2):499-505. doi: 10.1007/s43615-021-00004-5. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
A problem for a circular economy, embedded in its policies, tools, technologies and models, is that it is driven by the interests and needs of producers, rather than customers and users. This opinion paper focuses on an alternative form of governance-, which thanks to their bargaining approach brings actors from across the value chain into the policy process. The purpose of this opinion paper is to uncover and analyse the potential of such agreements for a circular economy. Circular agreements aim at increasing the circulation of materials and are an emerging form of political governance within the EU. These agreements have different names, involve different actors and govern in different ways. However, circular agreements seem to work when other types of regulations fail to establish circulation. These agreements bring actors together and offer a platform for negotiating how advantages and disadvantages can be redistributed between actors in a way that is more suitable for a circular economy. However, circular agreements are dependent on other policy instruments to work and can generate a free-rider problem with uninvolved actors. The agreements may also become too detailed and long term, which leads to problem shifting and lock-ins, respectively.
循环经济在其政策、工具、技术和模式中存在一个问题,即它是由生产者的利益和需求驱动的,而非客户和用户。本意见书聚焦于一种替代性治理形式,这种治理形式通过其讨价还价的方式,将价值链各环节的行为主体纳入政策制定过程。本意见书的目的是揭示并分析此类协议对循环经济的潜力。循环协议旨在增加材料的循环利用,是欧盟内部一种新兴的政治治理形式。这些协议有不同的名称,涉及不同的行为主体,治理方式也各不相同。然而,当其他类型的监管未能建立起循环利用机制时,循环协议似乎能发挥作用。这些协议将行为主体聚集在一起,提供了一个平台,用于协商如何以更适合循环经济的方式在行为主体之间重新分配利弊。然而,循环协议的有效实施依赖于其他政策工具,并且可能会产生未参与行为主体的搭便车问题。这些协议也可能变得过于详细和长期,分别导致问题转移和锁定。