Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India; National Center for Combustion Research and Development, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
Sea6 Energy Pvt. Ltd, 2nd Floor, C-Camp, NCBS-TIFR, Bellary Road, GKVK Post, Bengaluru 560065, India.
Bioresour Technol. 2022 Feb;346:126515. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126515. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
Hydrothermal liquefaction of red macroalgae species, Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Eucheuma denticulatum (ED), was performed at 350 °C in the presence of 5 wt% neutral and alkali catalysts like NaCO, KCO, CaCO, NaSO, NaOH, and KOH. The maximum bio-crude yield of 26.7 wt% and 18.5 wt%, on a dry ash-free basis, was obtained from NaCO treatment of KA and KOH treatment of ED, respectively. The bio-crude from both feedstocks mainly consisted of cyclic oxygenates, whose selectivities were maximum in KCO and CaCO treatments. The calorific value of the bio-crude was 38.5 MJ/kg from KA and 30.8 MJ/kg from ED, while that of biochars was 20-24 MJ/kg. A high degree of deoxygenation (64.2%) was observed in bio-crude produced from NaSO treatment of KA biomass. Salts of Cl, SO and K constituted the major inorganic portion of the aqueous phase. Maximum energy recovery (99%) was observed from the NaCO treatment of ED.
热水液化红海藻物种，Kappaphycus alvarezii（KA）和Eucheuma denticulatum（ED），在 350°C 的温度下，在 5wt%中性和碱性催化剂（如 NaCO、KCO、CaCO、NaSO、NaOH 和 KOH）的存在下进行。从干灰分基础上看，KA 的 NaCO 处理和 ED 的 KOH 处理分别获得了 26.7wt%和 18.5wt%的最大生物粗油产量。两种原料的生物粗油主要由环状含氧化合物组成，在 KCO 和 CaCO 处理中选择性最高。生物粗油的热值为 38.5 MJ/kg（来自 KA）和 30.8 MJ/kg（来自 ED），而生物炭的热值为 20-24 MJ/kg。KA 生物质的 NaSO 处理产生的生物粗油中观察到高度脱氧（64.2%）。Cl、SO 和 K 的盐构成了水相的主要无机部分。从 ED 的 NaCO 处理中观察到最大的能量回收（99%）。
