Fitzgerald J L, Mulford H A
J Stud Alcohol. 1986 Jul;47(4):311-5. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1986.47.311.
A panel of individuals was interviewed at three points in time so that both individual and aggregate drinking behavior changes could be investigated during a period of increasing beverage alcohol sales (winter to summer) and a subsequent period of decreasing sales (summer to winter). The seasonal drinking frequency changes in different places, with different companions and in different situations, were generally consistent with the proposition that existing drinking behaviors are quite stable over time (the stability proposition), and also with the proposition that alcohol consumption increases occur without any substitution of new drinking behaviors for existing drinking behaviors (the addition proposition). There was, however, evidence that drinking contexts changed with age and that new drinking behaviors were substituted for old drinking behaviors in some of the subpopulations studied. This suggests that it may be feasible to find ways to encourage the substitution of one kind of drinking behavior for another. Finally, although the results generally support the stability and addition propositions, it is not clear that these characteristics are either necessary or sufficient for increased per capita consumption to produce an increased rate of alcohol-related problems.
在三个时间点对一组人进行了访谈，以便在饮料酒精销售额上升期间（冬季至夏季）以及随后销售额下降期间（夏季至冬季），研究个体和总体饮酒行为的变化。不同地点、不同同伴以及不同情境下的季节性饮酒频率变化，总体上符合这样的观点：现有饮酒行为随时间推移相当稳定（稳定性观点），也符合这样的观点：酒精消费增加是在没有用新饮酒行为替代现有饮酒行为的情况下发生的（增加观点）。然而，有证据表明饮酒情境会随年龄变化，并且在一些研究的亚人群中，新饮酒行为替代了旧饮酒行为。这表明找到鼓励用一种饮酒行为替代另一种饮酒行为的方法可能是可行的。最后，虽然结果总体上支持稳定性和增加观点，但尚不清楚这些特征对于人均消费增加导致与酒精相关问题发生率上升而言是必要条件还是充分条件。
