Brainstem mechanisms of antinociception. Effects of electrical stimulation and injection of morphine into the nucleus raphe magnus.

The microinjection of morphine into the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) increased the tail-flick latency of rats but also increased the size of noxiously-evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones. Electrical stimulation of the raphe magnus reduced the response size of the same neurons to noxious stimulation. To control for the possibility that morphine had a membrane stabilising action upon cells in the raphe magnus, tetracaine was injected into the raphe magnus and found to reduce the size of noxiously-evoked responses of dorsal horn cells. Bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculus reduced the effect on tail-flick latency of morphine injected into the raphe magnus, indicating that morphine was causing antinociception by an effect on descending systems. This effect of morphine was fundamentally different however from the effects of electrical stimulation. Antinociception may result from different mechanisms within the raphe magnus nucleus, affected by morphine and electrical stimulation.