Pohl Hans, Beutel Rolf Georg
Entomology Group, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstrasse 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
Cladistics. 2005 Aug;21(4):328-374. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00074.x.
Previous phylogenetic analyses of Strepsiptera have been limited to characters from only males or first instar larvae, and by poor taxonomic sampling. This investigation is the first cladistic analysis to use more than fourfold as many characters as any prior study, and a broader sampling of taxa. The analysis of 189 morphological characters of all stages of representatives of all extant strepsipteran families and characters of adult males of amber fossils results in the following branching pattern: (†Protoxenos+ (†Cretostylops + (†Mengea + (Mengenillidae + (Corioxenidae + (Bohartillidae + (Halictophagidae + (Elenchidae + (†Protelencholax + (Myrmecolacidae + (Callipharixenidae + (Xenidae + Stylopidae)))))))))))). The basal placement of the Baltic amber fossil †Protoxenos and the Burmese amber fossil †Cretostylops is well founded. Even though †Cretostylops is older than †Protoxenos it is almost certainly not the most basal strepsipteran group but the sister group of a clade comprising the Baltic amber fossil †Mengea + Strepsiptera s. str. (excl. stemlineage). Monophyly of Mengenillidae, Stylopidia, Stylopiformia s.l., Corioxenidae, Xenidae, and Stylopidae is confirmed. Mengenillidia is paraphyletic (with respect to †Mengea (Mengeidae)), Elenchidae (with respect to †Protelencholax) and the genus Stichotrema (with respect to the Baltic amber fossils). Thus Protelencholacidae fam. n. is described, and S. weitschati and S. triangulum are transferred to Palaeomyrmecolax. A ground plan of adult male Strepsiptera is provided and evolutionary interpretations are presented based on the obtained cladograms.
以往对捻翅目的系统发育分析仅限于仅来自雄性或一龄幼虫的特征，且分类取样不足。本研究是首次进行的分支分析，所使用的特征数量是以往任何研究的四倍多，且分类群取样范围更广。对所有现存捻翅目科代表各阶段的189个形态特征以及琥珀化石成年雄性特征进行分析，得出以下分支模式：（†原 Xenops + （†白垩Stylops + （†Mengea + （Mengenillidae + （Corioxenidae + （Bohartillidae + （Halictophagidae + （Elenchidae + （†Protelencholax + （Myrmecolacidae + （Callipharixenidae + （Xenidae + Stylopidae）））））））））。波罗的海琥珀化石†原 Xenops 和缅甸琥珀化石†白垩Stylops 的基部位置是有充分依据的。尽管†白垩Stylops 比†原 Xenops 更古老，但它几乎肯定不是最基部的捻翅目类群，而是一个包含波罗的海琥珀化石†Mengea + 狭义捻翅目（不包括干群）的分支的姐妹群。Mengenillidae、Stylopidia、广义Stylopiformia、Corioxenidae、Xenidae 和 Stylopidae 的单系性得到确认。Mengenillidia 是并系的（相对于†Mengea （Mengeidae））、Elenchidae（相对于†Protelencholax）以及 Stichotrema 属（相对于波罗的海琥珀化石）。因此，描述了 Protelencholacidae 科。新属，并将 S. weitschati 和 S. triangulum 转移到 Palaeomyrmecolax。提供了成年雄性捻翅目的基本模式，并基于所得的分支图给出了进化解释。
