College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J AOAC Int. 2022 Apr 27;105(3):774-783. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab155.
Anesthetics and sedatives are frequently used to prevent abrasions caused by stress and to facilitate fish management. However, drug residues may persist and cause changes in fish conditions and induce side effects. In addition, drugs that are not permitted for use in edible fish are sometimes potentially used in fish. The drugs can also be found in wastewater and are likely to be detected in fish.
The purpose of this study was to establish a quantitative analytical method for 10 anesthetic and sedative (azaperone, chlorpromazine, diazepam, estazolam, haloperidol, nitrazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, perphenazine, and temazepam) residues in fish sold in Korean markets.
Shrimp, flounder, and eel samples were selected as matrices. Acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1% formic acid was selected as an extraction solvent for shrimp and 100% ACN for flounder and eel. The QuEChERS method with C18 and primary secondary amine (PSA) was used as the extraction procedure, and the analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Limit of quantitation, recovery, accuracy, and precision were validated, and satisfactory results were obtained for the drugs. All results applied to the real samples were negative.
An optimal validation method was studied. Since the results for all samples were negative, it is considered that additional studies are needed by increasing the number of drugs.
The most effective QuEChERS pretreatment method and conditions of LC-MS/MS for the analysis of anesthetics and sedatives in fish were established.
麻醉剂和镇静剂常用于防止因应激引起的擦伤，并便于鱼类管理。然而，药物残留可能会持续存在，并导致鱼类状况发生变化，引发副作用。此外，一些不允许用于食用鱼的药物有时也可能用于鱼类。这些药物也可能存在于废水中，并可能在鱼类中被检测到。
本研究旨在建立一种定量分析韩国市场销售的鱼类中 10 种麻醉剂和镇静剂（阿扎哌隆、氯丙嗪、地西泮、依替唑仑、氟哌啶醇、硝西泮、去甲西泮、奥沙西泮、奋乃静和替马西泮）残留的方法。
选择虾、比目鱼和鳗鱼样本作为基质。选择含 0.1%甲酸的乙腈（ACN）作为虾的提取溶剂，100% ACN 作为比目鱼和鳗鱼的提取溶剂。采用 QuEChERS 方法，使用 C18 和初级/次级胺（PSA）作为提取程序，通过液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）进行分析。
对定量限、回收率、准确性和精密度进行了验证，所有药物均得到了满意的结果。所有实际样品的结果均为阴性。
研究了一种最优的验证方法。由于所有样本的结果均为阴性，因此认为需要通过增加药物的数量来进行进一步的研究。
建立了分析鱼类中麻醉剂和镇静剂的最有效 QuEChERS 预处理方法和 LC-MS/MS 条件。
