Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
Laboratory of Parasitology, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
Life Sci. 2022 Feb 1;290:120202. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120202. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also named as colon and rectal or bowel cancer, is one of the leading neoplasia diagnosed in the world. Genetic sequencing studies of microorganisms from the intestinal microbiota of patients with CRC revealed that changes in its composition occur with the development of the disease, which can play a fundamental role in its development, being mediated by the production of metabolites and toxins that damage enterocytes. Some microorganisms are frequently reported in the literature as the main agents of this process, such as the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and function of each microorganism in CRC is essential for the development of treatment tools that focus on the gut microbiota. This review verifies current research aimed at evaluating the microorganisms present in the microbiota that can influence the development of CRC, as well as possible forms of treatment that can prevent the initiation and/or spread of this disease. Due to the incidence of CRC, alternatives have been launched considering factors beyond those already known in the disease development, such as diet, fecal microbiota transplantation, use of probiotics and antibiotics, which have been widely studied for this purpose. However, despite being promising, the studies that focus on the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting the microorganisms that cause CRC still need to be improved and better developed, involving new techniques to elucidate the effectiveness and safety of these new methods.
结直肠癌（CRC），也称为结肠癌和直肠癌或肠癌，是世界上诊断出的主要肿瘤之一。对 CRC 患者肠道微生物群中的微生物进行基因测序研究表明，随着疾病的发展，其组成发生变化，这可能在疾病发展中发挥重要作用，其通过产生破坏肠细胞的代谢物和毒素来介导。一些微生物在文献中经常被报道为该过程的主要作用物，例如梭杆菌属、大肠杆菌和脆弱拟杆菌。因此，了解 CRC 中每种微生物的机制和功能对于开发专注于肠道微生物群的治疗工具至关重要。这篇综述验证了目前旨在评估可能影响 CRC 发展的微生物群中存在的微生物的研究，以及可能的治疗形式，以预防这种疾病的发生和/或传播。由于 CRC 的发病率，已经推出了一些替代方案，考虑了疾病发展中已知因素以外的因素，例如饮食、粪便微生物群移植、益生菌和抗生素的使用，这些因素已广泛研究用于此目的。然而，尽管有希望，但仍需要改进和更好地开发针对引起 CRC 的微生物的新治疗方法的开发，涉及阐明这些新方法的有效性和安全性的新技术。
