Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.
Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK Partner Site, Munich, Germany.
Eur Heart J. 2022 Apr 19;43(16):1533-1541. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab842.
The increasing use of single-cell immune profiling and advanced microscopic imaging technologies has deepened our understanding of the cardiac immune system, confirming that the heart contains a broad repertoire of innate and adaptive immune cells. Leucocytes found in the healthy heart participate in essential functions to preserve cardiac homeostasis, not only by defending against pathogens but also by maintaining normal organ function. In pathophysiological conditions, cardiac inflammation is implicated in healing responses after ischaemic or non-ischaemic cardiac injury. The aim of this review is to provide a concise overview of novel methodological advancements to the non-expert readership and summarize novel findings on immune cell heterogeneity and functions in cardiac disease with a focus on myocardial infarction as a prototypic example. In addition, we will briefly discuss how biological sex modulate the cardiac immune response. Finally, we will highlight emerging concepts for novel therapeutic applications, such as targeting immunometabolism and nanomedicine.
单细胞免疫分析和先进的微观成像技术的广泛应用加深了我们对心脏免疫系统的理解，证实心脏中存在广泛的先天和适应性免疫细胞库。在健康的心脏中发现的白细胞不仅通过抵御病原体，还通过维持正常器官功能，参与维持心脏内稳态的重要功能。在病理生理条件下，心脏炎症与缺血或非缺血性心脏损伤后的愈合反应有关。本综述的目的是向非专业读者简要概述新的方法学进展，并总结心脏疾病中免疫细胞异质性和功能的新发现，重点是心肌梗死作为典型范例。此外，我们将简要讨论生物性别如何调节心脏免疫反应。最后，我们将重点介绍新的治疗应用的新兴概念，例如针对免疫代谢和纳米医学。
