Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Rd & Roper Street, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Health Promot Int. 2021 Dec 13;36(Supplement_1):i70-i80. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daab134.
The World Health Organization defines health promotion as process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health. As the world transitions into the information age, incorporating digital technologies into health promotion is becoming commonplace. This article discusses current applications of digital health promotion (DHP) and addresses its potential benefits, challenges, as well as how differences in cultures, governance models and digital readiness across the globe will shape the implementation of DHP differently in each society. The benefits include expanding access to health information and health promoting services, lowering scaling up costs, personalizing health advice and real-time 'nudging' toward healthier options. Key challenges would involve privacy control, appropriate use of data including secondary usage beyond the original intention, defining the limits of 'nudging' and the right of free choice, and ensuring widespread accessibility and affordability to minimize the exacerbation of social inequities. Finally, we discuss the enabling factors for successful DHP implementation, suggesting measures that should be taken at both individual and system levels. At the individual level, we explore the factors necessary to access and benefit from DHP meaningfully; at the system level, we examine the infrastructure required to provide wide access, establish trust among users and enable sustainability of behavioral changes.
世界卫生组织将健康促进定义为一个使人们能够增强对自身健康及其决定因素的控制能力，从而改善健康的过程。随着世界进入信息时代，将数字技术融入健康促进已变得司空见惯。本文讨论了数字健康促进（DHP）的当前应用，并探讨了其潜在的益处、挑战，以及全球各地文化、治理模式和数字准备程度的差异将如何导致 DHP 在每个社会中的实施方式不同。其益处包括扩大获取健康信息和促进健康服务的机会，降低扩展成本，个性化健康建议和实时“推动”更健康的选择。主要挑战包括隐私控制、数据的适当使用，包括超出原始意图的二次使用、定义“推动”的界限和自由选择的权利，以及确保广泛的可及性和可负担性，以尽量减少社会不平等的加剧。最后，我们讨论了成功实施 DHP 的促成因素，并提出了在个人和系统层面应采取的措施。在个人层面，我们探讨了从 DHP 中获得有意义的收益所需的因素；在系统层面，我们研究了提供广泛访问、在用户之间建立信任以及实现行为改变可持续性所需的基础设施。
