Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Nov 15;32(11):4107-4118. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.036.
To understand the effects of heavy metal pollution derived from atmospheric dust fall on bacterial community structure under different types of biological soil crusts near mining area, we measured the diversity, community composition, and relative abundance of bacteria communities in three different developmental stages of biological soil crusts (BSCs), including algae (ZB), mixed (HB), and moss (TB) crusts, and control (CK, bare soil) around a typical thermal power plant in Ningdong Energy Industrial Base, using the high-throughput sequencing technique. Environmental factors affecting the bacterial community structure were further investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents among different BSCs. The BSCs were heavily polluted due to the enrichment of heavy metals from atmospheric dust fall. Among the top ten dominant bacterial phyla, Gemmatimonadetes and Cyanobacteria were significantly distinct among different BSCs. Bacterial α diversity decreased in an order of CK>TB>HB>ZB. The NMDS ordination plots indicated that there were significant differences in the bacteria community composition of the three kinds of BSCs and the CK. The correlation analysis showed that the succession of BSCs significantly affected bacterial community composition in BSCs. Bacterial diversity and composition were closely related to pH, nutrients, and heavy metal contents. The relative abundance of Actinomycetes and Chloroflexi was positively correlated with pH, but negatively correlated with total N, total P, and the contents of heavy metal Pb, Zn, Cd. Results of the redundancy analysis showed that organic carbon, pH, total N, and total P were the major soil factors affecting bacterial α diversity, relative abundance of some dominant phyla, whereas heavy metal contents of Zn, Cd, Pb were the major heavy metals affecting structure of bacterial community which inhibited or stimulated the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities. We concluded that pH, heavy metals, and nutrients were the key factors affecting soil bacteria community composition. The succession of BSCs would improve their physicochemical properties and significantly impacted bacterial community composition. Long term heavy metals enrichment would affect bacterial diversity and community composition of BSCs.
为了了解矿区附近不同类型生物土壤结皮（BSC）下大气降尘引起的重金属污染对细菌群落结构的影响，我们使用高通量测序技术测量了三种不同发育阶段的生物土壤结皮（藻类（ZB）、混合（HB）和苔藓（TB）结皮以及典型热电站周围对照（CK，裸土）的细菌群落多样性、群落组成和相对丰度。进一步研究了影响细菌群落结构的环境因素。结果表明，不同 BSC 的理化性质和重金属含量存在显著差异。由于大气降尘中重金属的富集，BSC 受到严重污染。在十大优势细菌门中，ZB 中 Gemmatimonadetes 和 Cyanobacteria 明显不同。α多样性按 CK>TB>HB>ZB 的顺序递减。NMDS 排序图表明，三种 BSCs 和 CK 的细菌群落组成存在显著差异。相关性分析表明，BSC 的演替对 BSCs 中细菌群落组成有显著影响。细菌多样性和组成与 pH 值、养分和重金属含量密切相关。放线菌和绿弯菌的相对丰度与 pH 值呈正相关，但与总氮、总磷和重金属 Pb、Zn、Cd 含量呈负相关。冗余分析结果表明，有机碳、pH 值、总氮和总磷是影响细菌α多样性、某些优势菌群相对丰度的主要土壤因素，而 Zn、Cd、Pb 等重金属含量是影响细菌群落结构的主要重金属，抑制或刺激了细菌群落的丰度和多样性。我们得出结论，pH 值、重金属和养分是影响土壤细菌群落组成的关键因素。BSC 的演替会改善其理化性质，并显著影响细菌群落组成。长期重金属富集会影响 BSC 的细菌多样性和群落组成。
