Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
Science Technical Center, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 13;16(12):e0261008. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261008. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Falls onto outstretched hands are the second most common sports injury and one of the leading causes of upper extremity injury. Injury risk and severity depends on forces being transmitted through the palmar surface to the upper extremity. Although the magnitude and distribution of forces depend on the soft tissue response of the palm, the in vivo properties of palmar tissue have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to characterize the large deformation palmar soft tissue properties.
In vivo dynamic indentations were conducted on 15 young adults (21-29 years) to quantify the soft tissue characteristics of over the trapezium. The effects of loading rate, joint position, tissue thickness and sex on soft tissue responses were assessed.
Energy absorbed by the soft tissue and peak force were affected by loading rate and joint angle. Energy absorbed was 1.7-2.8 times higher and the peak force was 2-2.75 times higher at high rate loading than quasistatic rates. Males had greater energy absorbed than females but not at all wrist positions. Damping characteristics were the highest in the group with the thickest soft tissue while damping characteristics were the lowest in group with the thinnest soft tissues.
Palmar tissue response changes with joint position, loading rate, sex, and tissue thickness. Accurately capturing these tissue responses is important for developing effective simulations of fall and injury biomechanics and assessing the effectiveness of injury prevention strategies.
背景/目的：手掌撑地伤是第二常见的运动损伤，也是上肢损伤的主要原因之一。损伤风险和严重程度取决于通过手掌表面传递到上肢的力。尽管力的大小和分布取决于手掌软组织的反应，但手掌组织的体内特性尚未得到描述。本研究的目的是描述手掌大变形软组织特性。
对 15 名年轻成年人（21-29 岁）进行体内动态压痕，以量化舟状骨上方的软组织特征。评估加载速率、关节位置、组织厚度和性别对软组织反应的影响。
软组织吸收的能量和峰值力受加载速率和关节角度的影响。高速率加载时，软组织吸收的能量比准静态速率高 1.7-2.8 倍，峰值力高 2-2.75 倍。男性比女性吸收的能量更大，但并非所有腕关节位置都是如此。在软组织最厚的组中，阻尼特性最高，而在软组织最薄的组中，阻尼特性最低。
手掌组织的反应随关节位置、加载速率、性别和组织厚度而变化。准确捕捉这些组织反应对于开发有效的跌倒和损伤生物力学模拟以及评估损伤预防策略的有效性非常重要。
