van der Horst C J, Elgersma A, de Boer M J, Bestebroer A C
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1979 Apr 15;104(8):suppl 97-108.
Since the macroscopical and microscopical examination of bull semen does not in all cases appear to give conclusive indications concerning the fertilizing capacity, an investigation of some biochemical parameters was undertaken. It was shown that the following biochemical examination could furnish some more information about the quality of the semen: (1) Determination of the phenylalanine- alpha-ketoglutarate transminase activity both in the seminal plasma and in the whole semen. A high transminase activity in the plasma points to leakage out of the spermatozoa, thus indicating an affection of the spermatozoa. In that case larger amounts of basic amino acids and of leucine were often found in the seminal plasma than would normally be observed. (2) Gas chromatographic examination of the steroids occurring both in the seminal plasma and in the spermatozoa. In a number of infertile bulls small peaks of progesterone were found together with those of other, unidentified compounds. (3) Investigation of the carbohydrate metabolism in the semen. In a number of fertile bulls the following deviations were found: a. the presence of quite a lot of fructose in the spermatozoa; b. the presence of glucuronic acid and/of other foreign compounds in the spermatozoa or in the plasma; c. an elevated pH in the seminal plasma some 2 to 3 hours after ejaculation; d. a low phenylalanine- alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase activity in the whole semen (the spermatozoa had been disrupted by freezing). (4) Investigation of the presence of reducing aldehydes (glycoladehyde and glyceraldehyde) inside the spermatozoa. The determinations mentioned under 1, 3c and 3d can easily be carried out in the laboratories of each District Animal Health Service and of the A.I. stations; the same is true of the occurrence of amino acids in the seminal plasma and of fructose and aldehydes inside the spermatozoa if facilities are available for electrophoresis and chromatography.
由于对公牛精液进行宏观和微观检查并非在所有情况下都能给出关于受精能力的确切指示，因此开展了一些生化参数的研究。结果表明，以下生化检查可为精液质量提供更多信息：(1) 测定精浆和全精液中苯丙氨酸 - α - 酮戊二酸转氨酶活性。血浆中转氨酶活性高表明精子发生渗漏，从而提示精子受到影响。在这种情况下，精浆中常常会发现比正常情况下更多的碱性氨基酸和亮氨酸。(2) 对精浆和精子中存在的类固醇进行气相色谱检查。在一些不育公牛中，发现有黄体酮的小峰以及其他未鉴定化合物的峰。(3) 研究精液中的碳水化合物代谢。在一些可育公牛中发现了以下偏差：a. 精子中存在大量果糖；b. 精子或血浆中存在葡萄糖醛酸和/或其他外来化合物；c. 射精后约2至3小时精浆pH值升高；d. 全精液（精子已因冷冻而破裂）中苯丙氨酸 - α - 酮戊二酸转氨酶活性低。(4) 研究精子内还原醛（乙醇醛和甘油醛）的存在情况。1、3c和3d中提到的测定在每个地区动物卫生服务实验室和人工授精站的实验室中都很容易进行；如果有电泳和色谱分析设备，精浆中氨基酸的存在以及精子内果糖和醛的存在情况的测定也同样如此。
