Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Recife, Brasil.
Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, Brasil.
J Appl Biomed. 2021 Sep;19(3):125-132. doi: 10.32725/jab.2021.018. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
Environmental factors interfere in the neural plasticity processes. Among these, malnutrition in the early stages of life stands out as one of the main non-genetic factors that can interfere in the morphofunctional development of the nervous system. Furthermore, sensory stimulation from enriched environments (EE) also interferes with neural development. These two factors can modify areas related to memory and learning as the hippocampus, through mechanisms related to the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The BDNF may interfere in synaptic plasticity processes, such as memory. In addition, these changes in early life may affect the functioning of the hippocampus during adulthood through mechanisms mediated by BDNF. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review on the effects of early malnutrition on memory and the relationship between the underlying mechanisms of EE, BDNF gene expression, and memory. In addition, there are studies that demonstrate the effect of EE reversal on exposure to changes in the functioning of hippocampal malnutrition in adult rats that were prematurely malnourished. Thereby, evidence from the scientific literature suggests that the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult animals are influenced by malnutrition and EE, and these alterations may involve the participation of BDNF as a key regulator in memory processes in the adult animal hippocampus.
环境因素会干扰神经可塑性过程。在这些因素中，生命早期的营养不良是主要的非遗传因素之一，它会干扰神经系统的形态和功能发育。此外，丰富环境（EE）的感官刺激也会干扰神经发育。这两个因素可以通过与脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的基因表达相关的机制来改变与记忆和学习相关的区域，如海马体。BDNF 可能会干扰突触可塑性过程，如记忆。此外，这些生命早期的变化可能会通过 BDNF 介导的机制影响成年期海马体的功能。因此，本研究旨在对早期营养不良对记忆的影响以及 EE、BDNF 基因表达与记忆的潜在机制之间的关系进行文献综述。此外，还有一些研究表明，丰富环境的逆转对经历过早期营养不良的成年大鼠海马体功能变化有影响。因此，来自科学文献的证据表明，成年动物海马体的突触可塑性机制受到营养不良和 EE 的影响，这些改变可能涉及 BDNF 作为成年动物海马体记忆过程的关键调节因子的参与。
