Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL.
Clin Spine Surg. 2022 Jun 1;35(5):222-223. doi: 10.1097/BSD.0000000000001287. Epub 2021 Dec 15.
The threshold for statistical significance is determined by the maximum allowable probability of Type I error (α). For studies that test multiple hypotheses or make multiple comparisons, the probability of at least 1 Type I error (family-wise error rate; FWER) increases as the number of hypotheses/comparisons increase. It is generally best practice to set the acceptable threshold for FWER to be less than or equal to α. Bonferroni correction and Tukey honestly significant difference test are 2 of the more common methods to control for FWER. When doing exploratory analysis or evaluating secondary outcomes of a study, it may not be necessary or desirable to control for FWER, which reduces the power of the study. However, deciding to control for FWER should be decided during the design of the study.
统计显著性的阈值由最大允许的Ⅰ类错误概率（α）决定。对于测试多个假设或进行多次比较的研究，随着假设/比较数量的增加，至少 1 个Ⅰ类错误（全错误率；FWER）的概率增加。通常，最好将 FWER 的可接受阈值设置为小于或等于α。Bonferroni 校正和 Tukey 诚实显著差异检验是控制 FWER 的 2 种更常见的方法。在进行探索性分析或评估研究的次要结果时，可能不需要或不希望控制 FWER，这会降低研究的效力。但是，控制 FWER 的决定应该在研究设计阶段做出。
