Bosch Martí, Locatelli Maxence, Hamel Perrine, Remme Roy P, Jaligot Rémi, Chenal Jérôme, Joost Stéphane
Urban and Regional Planning Community, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
R Soc Open Sci. 2021 Dec 8;8(12):202174. doi: 10.1098/rsos.202174. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Urban green infrastructure, especially trees, are widely regarded as one of the most effective ways to reduce urban temperatures in heatwaves and alleviate the adverse impacts of extreme heat events on human health and well-being. Nevertheless, urban planners and decision-makers are still lacking methods and tools to spatially evaluate the cooling effects of urban green spaces and exploit them to assess greening strategies at the urban agglomeration scale. This article introduces a novel spatially explicit approach to simulate urban greening scenarios by increasing the tree canopy cover in the existing urban fabric and evaluating their heat mitigation potential. The latter is achieved by applying the InVEST urban cooling model to the synthetic land use/land cover maps generated for the greening scenarios. A case study in the urban agglomeration of Lausanne, Switzerland, illustrates the development of tree canopy scenarios following distinct spatial distribution strategies. The spatial pattern of the tree canopy strongly influences the human exposure to the highest temperatures, and small increases in the abundance of tree canopy cover with the appropriate spatial configuration can have major impacts on human health and well-being. The proposed approach supports urban planning and the design of nature-based solutions to enhance climate resilience.
城市绿色基础设施，尤其是树木，被广泛认为是在热浪期间降低城市温度以及减轻极端高温事件对人类健康和福祉的不利影响的最有效方法之一。然而，城市规划者和决策者仍然缺乏在空间上评估城市绿地降温效果并利用其来评估城市群尺度绿化策略的方法和工具。本文介绍了一种新颖的空间明确方法，通过增加现有城市结构中的树冠覆盖率来模拟城市绿化情景，并评估其热缓解潜力。后者是通过将InVEST城市降温模型应用于为绿化情景生成的合成土地利用/土地覆盖地图来实现的。瑞士洛桑城市群的一个案例研究说明了遵循不同空间分布策略的树冠情景的发展。树冠的空间格局强烈影响人类暴露于最高温度的情况，并且树冠覆盖率适度增加并配以适当的空间配置，可能会对人类健康和福祉产生重大影响。所提出的方法支持城市规划和基于自然的解决方案的设计，以增强气候适应能力。
