人类和大型猿类的工作记忆：惊人相似还是显著不同？
On the working memory of humans and great apes: Strikingly similar or remarkably different?
机构信息
Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Departamento de Psicología y Sociología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
出版信息
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Mar;134:104496. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.019. Epub 2021 Dec 14.
In this article we review publications relevant to addressing widely reported claims in both the academic and popular press that chimpanzees working memory (WM) is comparable to, if not exceeding, that of humans. WM is a complex multidimensional construct with strong parallels in humans to prefrontal cortex and cognitive development. These parallels occur in chimpanzees, but to a lesser degree. We review empirical evidence and conclude that the size of WM in chimpanzees is 2 ± 1 versus Miller's famous 7 ± 2 in humans. Comparable differences occur in experiments on chimpanzees relating to strategic and attentional WM subsystems. Regardless of the domain, chimpanzee WM performance is comparable to that of humans around the age of 4 or 5. Next, we review evidence showing parallels among the evolution of WM capacity in hominins ancestral to Homo sapiens, the phylogenetic evolution of hominins leading to Homo sapiens, and evolution in the complexity of stone tool technology over this time period.
本文回顾了与解决广泛报道的学术和大众媒体上的说法有关的出版物，这些说法声称黑猩猩的工作记忆（WM）可与人类相媲美，如果不是超过人类的话。WM 是一个复杂的多维结构，在人类中与前额叶皮层和认知发展有很强的相似之处。这些相似之处在黑猩猩中存在，但程度较低。我们回顾了实证证据，并得出结论，黑猩猩的 WM 大小为 2±1，而米勒著名的人类 7±2。在与策略和注意力 WM 子系统有关的黑猩猩实验中也出现了类似的差异。无论在哪个领域，黑猩猩 WM 的表现都与人类在 4 或 5 岁左右的表现相当。接下来，我们回顾了证据，这些证据表明，在人类祖先的 WM 容量进化、导致人类出现的人科动物的系统发育进化以及在此期间石器技术复杂性的进化之间存在相似之处。
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